Anatomy and Positioning Flashcards

Question

vasodilator

Answer 1

drug that decreases blood pressure via vasodilation

Answer 2

* bypasses the GI tract, giving most essential nutrients intravenously * used when a pt is NPO

Answer 3

relating to or involving the rupture or destruction of red blood cells

Answer 4

automatic motor response elicited by stimulating stretch receptors in subcutaneous tissues surrounding joints and tendons

Answer 5

* application of mild electrical stimulation through electrodes placed on the skin over a painful area * alleviates pain by interfering with transmission of painful stimuli

Answer 6

gliding or plane joint between the acromion (point of shoulder, scapula) and the acromial end of the clavicle

Answer 7

diarthrosis permitting a gliding motion

Answer 8

joint with a cavity in the capsule separating bones; permits considerable freedom of movement

Answer 9

an illness of uncertain or undetermined cause

Answer 10

adjustment to changes in circumstances such as those resulting from illness or disability

Answer 11

tasks performed routinely during the course of a typical day, such as walking, eating, bathing, brushing the teeth, and grooming

Answer 12

strep throat

Answer 13

a point 1 to 2 in (2.5 to 5.1 cm) above the anterosuperior spine of the ilium, on a line between the ilium and umbilicus, where pressure produces tenderness in acute appendicitis

Answer 14

the area of the thorax directly in front of the heart

Answer 15

* type of electrical stimulation * two types: thermal and nonthermal * improved tissue perfusion, increased tissue metabolism, more antibiotic delivery to the tissues, a heightened effect of oxygen on microbes, and promotion of cellular processes

Answer 16

opening of the edges of a surgical wound with partial or total separation of wound layers

Answer 17

superficial, partial-thickness wound with little bleeding, caused by rubbing or scraping the epidermis

Answer 18

closed, with the wound's edges touching each other

Answer 19

blister, greater than 1 cm in diameter that is filled with clear fluid, as seen with burns

Answer 20

thermal injury to tissues

Answer 21

malignant (cancerous) growth made up of epithelial cells that tends to infiltrate surrounding tissue thus causing metastasis

Answer 22

injury to tissues with skin discoloration from blood seepage just under the skin and without breakage of the skin; a bruise

Answer 23

abnormal, closed epithelium-lined sac that contains a liquid or a semisolid substance

Answer 24

remove devitalized (dead) tissue from a wound

Answer 25

somewhat outdated term for pressure ulcer

Answer 26

inflammation of the skin

Answer 27

layer of the skin above the subcutaneous fat, composed of collagen and elastic fibers

Answer 28

hemorrhagic spot, or bruise, caused by bleeding under the skin and irregularly formed in blue, purple, or yellow patches

Answer 29

any abnormal tubelike passage in the body

Answer 30

development of red, moist tissue made up of new blood vessels, indicating the progression of wound healing

Answer 31

localized collection of blood underneath the tissues, appearing as a swelling or mass often characterized by a bluish discoloration

Answer 32

wash out with fluid

Answer 33

enlarged, elevated scar, due to excess collagen

Answer 34

cut; torn wound

Answer 35

softening or dissolution of tissue after lengthy exposure to fluid

Answer 36

discoloration of the skin, less than 1 cm in diameter and not raised above the surface

Answer 37

malignant mole or tumor on the skin with atypical melanocytes (pigment-forming cells) in the epidermis

Answer 38

death of areas of tissue or bone

Answer 39

small, solid mass more than 1 cm in diameter

Answer 40

small, circumscribed, solid, elevated skin lesion

Answer 41

minute reddish or purplish spots containing blood that appear in skin or mucous membranes as a result of hemorrhage in the dermal layers (singular form: petechia)

Answer 42

an elevated patch on the skin, such as the characteristic scales of psoriasis

Answer 43

impaired skin integrity and/or formation of a wound over a bony prominence due to prolonged pressure

Answer 44

wound made by a sharp pointed object penetrating the skin

Answer 45

condition characterized by various skin manifestations, including hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes, internal organs, and other tissues

Answer 46

yellowish liquid product of inflammation or infection

Answer 47

small, elevated skin lesion that contains pus

Answer 48

mark that remains on the skin after a wound has healed

Answer 49

wound drainage presenting as clear, watery plasma

Answer 50

force exerted parallel to the skin resulting both from gravity and from resistance (friction) between the patient and a surface, such as that created when a patient slumps in a chair

Answer 51

a traumatic wound resulting from separation of the epidermis from the dermis

Answer 52

mass of soft, stringy dead tissue that can be white or yellow in appearance

Answer 53

small blister that contains liquid

Answer 54

irregularly shaped, slightly elevated area; small, localized area of edema on the surface of the skin; typical of allergic reactions (hives)

Answer 55

* athlete's foot * a chronic superficial fungal infection of the skin of the feet, typically between the toes

Answer 56

pertaining to or directed toward the bucca (cheek), the fleshy portion of the side of the face that makes up the lateral wall of the oral cavity

Answer 57

a thickening of or a hard thickened area on skin

Answer 58

manifestation of vitamin B complex deficiency characterized by reddened lips with fissures at the angles of the mouth

Answer 59

a bed prepared in a hospital room with the top sheet, blanket, and bedspread drawn up to the head of the mattress under the pillows

Answer 60

often painful and inflamed circumscribed lesion of thickened skin, usually on the toes and caused by pressure or friction from ill-fitting shoes

Answer 61

the narrow band of epidermis extending from the nail wall onto the nail surface

Answer 62

tooth decay

Answer 63

a sticky film accumulating on the teeth that is formed by and harbors bacteria; also called tartar

Answer 64

linen item placed under the patient's torso and used to lift and reposition the patient

Answer 65

skin abrasion typically resulting from scratching

Answer 66

applying the proximal half of a piece of linen in successive layers lengthwise for the purpose of tucking it under the patient and rolling the patient over it while stripping or making an occupied bed

Answer 67

a break, slit, or tear in soft tissue, often at the junction of skin and mucous membrane

Answer 68

fold of skin covering the glans penis (head) of an uncircumcised penis; also called prepuce

Answer 69

the part of the oral mucosa covering the tooth-bearing border of the jaw; also called gums (plural: gingivae)

Answer 70

inflammation of the gums characterized by redness, swelling, and intermittent bleeding

Answer 71

personal maintenance of cleanliness

Answer 72

unlikely to cause an allergic (hypersensitivity) response

Answer 73

disposable material with waterproof backing placed under a patient's buttocks to contain body fluids

Answer 74

folds of skin on either side of the vaginal orifice

Answer 75

active area of nailbed growth at the base of the fingernails and toenails

Answer 76

the moist inner lining of various tubular structures, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines

Answer 77

any of numerous disturbances or pathologic changes in the peripheral nervous system, most often affecting sensation

Answer 78

a bed prepared in a hospital room with the top covers folded back to make it easy for the patient to get into the bed

Answer 79

the roof of the mouth separating the mouth from the nasal cavity, comprised of the hard palate (in the front of the mouth, separating cavities of the mouth and the nose) and the soft palate (the fleshy portion that separates the mouth from the pharynx)

Answer 80

lice infestation

Answer 81

area between the anus and the posterior portion of the external genitalia

Answer 82

surrounding or near a tooth

Answer 83

inflammation or degeneration of the tissues surrounding the teeth

Answer 84

a skin lesion on the sole of the foot typically caused by any of the human papillomaviruses

Answer 85

oil-secreting organ of the skin

Answer 86

fatty lubricant secreted by the skin's sebaceous glands

Answer 87

position with HOB raised about 30 degrees

Answer 88

any inflammatory disorder of the mouth

Answer 89

a sticky film accumulating on the teeth that is formed by and harbors bacteria; also called dental plaque

Answer 90

a fungal infection in the mouth and/or throat caused by Candida albicans and manifesting as white patches and ulcers

Answer 91

a narrow tube through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body

Answer 92

a type of protein the immune system produces to neutralize a threat of some kind, such as an infecting organism, a chemical, or some other foreign body

Answer 93

able to destroy or suppress the growth of pathogens and other micro-organisms

Answer 94

a substance that reduces the number of pathogens present on a surface

Answer 95

methods used to assure that an environment is as pathogen-free as possible

Answer 96

the inhibition of further bacterial growth

Answer 97

an antibacterial compound with substantial residual activity that is used as a liquid antiseptic and disinfectant

Answer 98

a nurse who assists the scrub nurse and the surgeons during surgery, positioning the patient and equipment, obtaining additional supplies, and adjusting lighting as needed

Answer 99

the process of becoming unsterile or unclean

Answer 100

any chemical agent used to destroy or inhibit the growth of harmful organisms

Answer 101

to remove an article of clothing from the body

Answer 102

to put on (as with an article of clothing) or dress in

Answer 103

the aggregate of bacteria, fungi, and other micro-organisms normally found in a particular environment, such as the gastrointestinal tract or the skin

Answer 104

the inhibition of the body’s protective response to pathogenic invasion, usually as a result of disease, drug therapy, or surgery

Answer 105

occurring during the course of a surgical procedure

Answer 106

infection-control practices common in healthcare, such as basic handwashing

Answer 107

minute living cells

Answer 108

acquired in a hospital, as in nosocomial infection. The term the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention now uses for infections associated with healthcare delivery in any setting (hospitals, long-term care facilities, ambulatory settings, home care) is healthcare-associated infection (HAI).

Answer 109

any disease-producing agent, especially a virus, bacterium, or fungus

Answer 110

pertaining to the period extending from the time of hospitalization for surgery to the time of discharge; includes the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods

Answer 111

cells (such as white blood cells) that engulf, ingest, and consume foreign material (such as pathogens) and debris

Answer 112

pertaining to or caused by pneumococci, organisms of the species Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common cause of pneumonia and other infectious diseases

Answer 113

pertaining to the period following a surgical operation, usually from the time the patient is transferred to the postanesthesia care unit until healing is complete

Answer 114

pertaining to the period before a surgical operation, usually from the time the decision to have surgery is made to the time the patient is transferred to the operative table

Answer 115

any of a large group of RNA-based viruses that tend to infect immunocompromised individuals, including the human immunodeficiency virus and many cancer-causing viruses

Answer 116

the presence in blood or other tissues of pathogens or their toxins

Answer 117

a primitive, usually unicellular, reproductive body produced by plants, fungi, and some micro-organisms that is resistant to environmental changes

Answer 118

a genus of gram-positive bacteria that are potential pathogens, causing local lesions and serious opportunistic infections

Answer 119

free from living organisms and especially from micro-organisms and pathogens

Answer 120

a specified area that is considered free from micro-organisms

Answer 121

measures taken to prevent the spread of pathogens from the environment to the patient by eliminating all micro-organisms in that environment

Answer 122

a process that destroys all micro-organisms, including spores and viruses

Answer 123

penetration of pathogens, typically bacteria, through surgical drapes, dressings, and other materials, especially as a result of fluid accumulation

Answer 124

under a nail

Answer 125

techniques used to destroy all pathogenic organisms, also called sterile technique

Answer 126

a procedure that achieves disinfection of the hands and arms up to the elbows in preparation for donning sterile attire and performing or participating in a sterile procedure

Answer 127

study of metabolism and action of drugs, esp. time required for absorption, duration of action, distribution, and method of excretion.

Answer 128

an agent that blocks parasympathetic nerve impulses

Answer 129

swelling in the area between the waist and the pelvis due to intestinal gas, overeating, or pathophysiological causes such as infection or hemorrhage

Answer 130

* a device or aperture that allows the entry or exit of air * on a nasogastric tube, a branch of the main tube that is always open to the air

Answer 131

a device that can also be inserted into a lumen of some types of nasogastric tubes to prevent the seepage of gastric contents out of the vented lumen

Answer 132

* inadvertent inhalation of fluid or other substances into the lungs * also, the withdrawal or removal, via a syringe or other apparatus, of a substance or material from the body

Answer 133

removal of stomach contents to relieve distention of the stomach and intestines caused by the accumulation of gastrointestinal air and fluid

Answer 134

lid-like cartilaginous structure covering the larynx opening during swallowing, keeping food out of the lungs

Answer 135

inflammation of the esophagus

Answer 136

the musculomembranous passage extending from the pharynx to the stomach

Answer 137

substance removed from the stomach via syringe through a NG, orogastric, or gastrostomy tube

Answer 138

mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines

Answer 139

solution used for therapeutic irrigation or washing out of a body cavity or part

Answer 140

therapeutic irrigation or washing out of a body cavity or part

Answer 141

lung inflammation that develops when fat particles enter the bronchial tree

Answer 142

a cavity or bore of a tubular organ or part

Answer 143

excess of non-O₂-carrying pigment methemoglobin in the blood

Answer 144

* nostril (pl. nares) * one of the two external orifices of the nose

Answer 145

* NG tube * flexible tube inserted through the nose and extending to the stomach or intestines * multiple functions: conduit for removing GI fluids and gas, delivering enteral feedings or medications, relieving pressure, etc.

Answer 146

the portion of the pharynx superior to the soft palate

Answer 147

two salivary secretory organs on either side of the face just inferior and anterior to the ears

Answer 148

waves of contraction that propel contents through the GI tract

Answer 149

a disposable indicator that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

Answer 150

amount of negative force (in mm Hg) used to propel air or fluid out of a body cavity or part

Answer 151

cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into right and left main bronchi

Answer 152

inflammation of trachea

Answer 153

a pain-relieving agent applied externally

Answer 154

small, fleshy mass hanging from the soft palate above the root of the tongue

Answer 155

continuous recording of the concentration of CO₂ in inhaled and exhaled air

Answer 156

* any noxious, unintended, and undesired result of taking a drug in appropriate doses * also called an adverse effect * often used in place of side effect, but side effects also include harmless and possibly helpful unintended results

Answer 157

an immune response to a drug, ranging from mild itching to severe rash to anaphylaxis

Answer 158

immediate, life-threatening allergic response characterized by bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, and a rapid drop in blood pressure

Answer 159

pertaining to or directed toward the facial cheek

Answer 160

* capable of harmonious coexistence * used to refer to two or more medications that can be given together without changing the effects of each other or causing any new responses not seen with any of the drugs administered alone

Answer 161

a pre-existing condition that makes it unsafe or otherwise inappropriate to administer a particular drug

Answer 162

* determination and regulation of the size, frequency, and number of doses of a med for an individual patient; overall dosing regimen * often used synonymously with dose; dose = amount to be given at one time

Answer 163

* a measured quantity of a medication to be administered at one time * often used synonymously with dosage; dosage is the overall dosing regimen

Answer 164

any chemical or other nondrug substance that can affect living processes

Answer 165

how long a drug actively produces a therapeutic effect

Answer 166

* noncommercial name assigned to a drug; also, nonproprietary name * less complex than the chemical name and more complex than a brand or trade

Answer 167

uncommon, unexpected, or individual drug response thought to result from a genetic predisposition

Answer 168

a reason for administering a medication

Answer 169

administration of a liquid drop by drop

Answer 170

within or into the dermis (skin)

Answer 171

within or into a muscle

Answer 172

within or into a vein

Answer 173

term used for drug when it is given to or taken by a particular individual for therapeutic purposes

Answer 174

a document completed per agency policy to verify a patient’s medications were given as prescribed

Answer 175

* umbrella term used to refer to opioids, controlled substances, illicit drugs, central nervous system depressants, strong analgesics, and drugs capable of causing physical dependence * opioid is the preferred term for the family of potent pharmacologic analgesics commonly referred to as narcotics

Answer 176

a device for creating and delivering an aerosol spray

Answer 177

when a drug begins to exert its therapeutic effect

Answer 178

eye-related

Answer 179

referring to drugs sold without a prescription

Answer 180

causing an effect opposite of the intended effect

Answer 181

via a route other than the GI tract

Answer 182

when a drug exerts its maximal therapeutic effect

Answer 183

* a steady level of a drug achieved after repeated doses * the amount of drug eliminated between doses equals the amount administered with each dose

Answer 184

the concurrent use of multiple drugs

Answer 185

* unintended and usually predictable result of taking a drug in appropriate doses * often used synonymously with adverse effect, which is noxious or harmful in some way

Answer 186

under the skin

Answer 187

* increase in the effects of any or all of two or more drugs taken together * 1 + 1 = \>2

Answer 188

the beneficial and intended result for which a drug is taken

Answer 189

applied externally

Answer 190

a seriously adverse drug reaction caused by excessive dosing

Answer 191

entering through the dermis, i.e. adhesive patch

Answer 192

provision of drugs in single-dose packages

Answer 193

* right medication * right dose * right route * right time * right patient * right documentation

Answer 194

vancomycin-resistant enterococcus

Answer 195

any infection that is resistant to multiple antibiotics

Answer 196

multidrug-resistant organism

Answer 197

cytomegalovirus

Answer 198

data collected for studying the size, weight, and proportions of the human body

Answer 199

legal documents that direct end-of-life issues

Answer 200

directive documents for medical treatment per client's wishes

Answer 201

document appointing someone to make medical decisions for a patient who is no longer able to do so

Answer 202

prolonged, deep state of unconsciousness lasting days or years; cannot be arounsed and may or may not ... brainstem

Answer 203

1-3 months before: withdraws from world, sleep increases, difficulty digesting, appetite and food intake decrease (liquids preferred); anorexia -\> ketosis -\> increased sense of well-being 1-2 weeks before: days to hours before: surge of energy, dehydration, difficulty swallowing, decreased blood volume and gag reflex, shallow/rapid breathing, apnea, congestion ("death rattle"), Cheyne-Stokes respirations, clammy, BP decreases, pulse hard to detect, extremities cold moments before:

Answer 204

greater than or equal to 6.5 = diabetes mellitus

Answer 205

devices for eating and feeding that have been modified to accommodate some type of disability

Answer 206

a plasma protein formed mainly in the liver and making up about two-thirds of protein in plasma

Answer 207

* organic compounds in plant and animal tissues * the "building blocks" of protein

Answer 208

* constructive phase of metabolism * body cells synthesize protoplasm for growth and repair

Answer 209

eating disorder characterized by preoccupation with food and the rituals of eating, and a voluntary refusal to eat

Answer 210

study of the measurement of size, weight, and proportions of the human body, usually on a comparative basis

Answer 211

* also called vitamin C * aids in tissue building and many metabolic reactions: * wound and Fx healing * collagen formation * adrenaline production * iron absorption * conversion of folic acid * cellular adhesion

Answer 212

* also called resting energy expenditure * number of calories used by the body during a nonactive period

Answer 213

* method of estimating body composition that determines tissues’ opposition to the flow of an electric current * estimates total body water, fat-free body mass, and body fat

Answer 214

coenzyme used in fatty acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and formation of glucose

Answer 215

* a measure of body fat that is used as an indication of nutritional status * y kg x (z m)² = BMI

Answer 216

eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of bingeing followed by inappropriate compensatory behavior to rid the body of these excessive calories, such as purging

Answer 217

eating large quantities of food over a short period of time

Answer 218

an inappropriate compensatory behavior to rid the body of excess calories after bingeing

Answer 219

general physical wasting and malnutrition most often related to chronic disease

Answer 220

a mineral essential for maintaining the health of bones and teeth, cardiovascular support, blood clotting, and nerve transmission

Answer 221

adjust precisely for a particular function

Answer 222

instrument with two adjustable arms, legs, or jaws used to measure diameter or thickness

Answer 223

* unit by which energy is measured * the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1° Celsius * also called a kilocalorie

Answer 224

* class of essential, energy-yielding macronutrients containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen * sugars, starches, glycogen, and fiber

Answer 225

degrading process involving release of energy and breakdown of complex materials (e.g., proteins, lipids) within an organism

Answer 226

essential dietary trace element that is a cofactor for insulin

Answer 227

* essential dietary trace element * facilitates iron use * component of several enzymes involved in: * hemoglobin synthesis * collagen formation * wound healing * nerve fiber maintenance

Answer 228

a form of vitamin B₁₂

Answer 229

reference points for intake determined by public health experts and based on a 2,000-calorie diet

Answer 230

* the Institute of Medicine’s system of specific nutrition recommendations and values * includes: * updated recommended daily allowances * estimated average requirements * adequate intake * tolerable upper intake levels

Answer 231

delivery of nutrients directly to the GI tract via a variety of types of feeding tubes and devices

Answer 232

* also called lipids * water-insoluble, energy-yielding macronutrients * organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 233

* essential organic substances that can be absorbed with lipids * vitamins A, D, E, and K

Answer 234

carbohydrates that are components of plants and cannot be digested by human enzymes

Answer 235

essential element that bonds with Ca and accumulates in calcified body tissue (bones and teeth)

Answer 236

synthetic form of folate

Answer 237

substance required for hemoglobin and amino-acid synthesis, cellular reproduction, and prevention of neural tube defects in utero

Answer 238

a method of determining body frame size by comparing wrist circumference to height

Answer 239

main functional constituent of red blood cells that serves as their oxygen-carrying protein

Answer 240

an estimate of what a person should weigh, calculated by using BMI as a reference guide

Answer 241

measurement of the amount of heat produced by a subject by determining the amount of O₂ consumed and the amount of CO₂ eliminated

Answer 242

trace mineral essential for synthesis of thyroxine

Answer 243

thyroid hormone that helps regulate metabolism

Answer 244

trace mineral essential for: * hemoglobin formation and function * cellular oxidation of glucose * antibody production * and collagen synthesis

Answer 245

technical name for a calorie

Answer 246

* major essential mineral * important in: * bone nourishment * many enzyme reactions, as a catalyst * nerve and muscle function * cardiovascular support

Answer 247

in a state of malnutrition

Answer 248

poor nourishment resulting from an inadequate or improper diet or from some metabolic defect that keeps the body from using food properly

Answer 249

* essential trace element * component of enzymes involved in: * metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat * bone formation

Answer 250

sum of the physical and chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes and activities and new material is assimilated

Answer 251

* distance around left upper arm, at the midpoint between the tip of the shoulder and the tip of the elbow * used as a measure of nutritional status

Answer 252

tip of the elbow

Answer 253

* nonorganic substances essential for health * used at every cellular level for metabolic exchanges * must be obtained in the diet

Answer 254

* also called vitamin B₃ * aids in energy and protein metabolism

Answer 255

* difference between daily intake of nitrogen and nitrogen excretion * indicator of tissue integrity

Answer 256

a substance that nourishes

Answer 257

having a body mass index of 30 or above

Answer 258

condition of having excess body weight BMI ≥ 30

Answer 259

25 ≤ BMI ≥ 29.9

Answer 260

* also called vitamin B₅ * essential for fatty acid metabolism and cell synthesis * participates in more than 100 metabolic reactions

Answer 261

administration of nutrients intravenously

Answer 262

successive wavelike movements by which tubular organs that have longitudinal and circular muscle fibers (GI tract) propel their contents forward

Answer 263

* major essential mineral * maintains: * energy transfer of RNA and DNA * acid-base balance

Answer 264

* major essential mineral * maintains intra- and extracellular fluid volume, muscle, blood pressure, and musculoskeletal and cardiovascular function

Answer 265

thyroxin-binding protein measured to evaluate the nutrition status of critically ill patients who are at high risk for malnutrition

Answer 266

* essential, energy-yielding macronutrients * organic compounds composed of "building blocks" called amino acids

Answer 267

* form of vitamin B₆, * essential for cellular function and synthesis of: * hemoglobin * neurotransmitters * niacin

Answer 268

basal metabolic rate

Answer 269

* form of vitamin A * essential for: * vision health * tissue strength and growth * embryonic development * gene expression * immune function

Answer 270

* organic compounds that bind with vitamin A * one has been associated with insulin resistance

Answer 271

* also called vitamin B₂ * essential for: * releasing energy from nutrients in all body cells * growth * vitality * tissue healing

Answer 272

a mineral essential for normal immune function and thyroid-gland activity

Answer 273

* major mineral * largely responsible for: * regulating fluid balance * cell permeability * essential for: * acid-base balance * nerve transmission * muscular irritability

Answer 274

* food plan modified to meet specific health needs * e.g., increasing or decreasing caloric intake, fiber, or other specific nutrients, omitting specific foods, or modifying the consistency of foods

Answer 275

* also called vitamin B₁ * essential for: * releasing energy from carbohydrates * digestion * peristalsis * providing energy for smooth muscles, glands, the central nervous system, and blood vessels

Answer 276

a blood test measuring the ability of transferrin to carry iron in the blood

Answer 277

glycoprotein produced in the liver that binds and transports iron

Answer 278

measurement of the upper arm that helps estimate body fat

Answer 279

any of a group of organic substances found in foods and essential in small quantities for: * growth * health * many enzymatic and chemical reactions * many metabolic functions

Answer 280

* trace dietary element * component of DNA and RNA and many enzymes involved in growth, metabolism, and other senses and functions

Answer 281

* illegal * have no therapeutic use and a high risk of abuse

Answer 282

most risk of abuse (morphine)

Answer 283

moderate risk of abuse (e.g. Tylenol with codeine)

Answer 284

lowest risk of abuse (e.g., phenobarbitol)

Answer 285

* "hardening of fatty stuff" * hardening of fatty plaques in blood vessels

Answer 286

* blockage of blood flow in a coronary artery resulting in death of muscle tissue * heart attack

Answer 287

* "a falling forward" * failure of mitral valve causing leakage and backward flow in the left side of the heart

Answer 288

backward flow of blood

Answer 289

* "pain in the chest" * "crushing, vise-like" * often accompanied by SOB, fatigue, nausea * indicates insufficient blood flow to heart muscle * nitroglycerine tabs often prescribed

Answer 290

"not quite enough blood" usually accompanied by agina pain, often mistaken for heart attack

Answer 291

* uses high-frequency sound waves to form an image of the inside of the heart * can demonstrate valve damage, congenital defects, etc.

Answer 292

printout recording of electrical activity in the heart

Answer 293

* catheter threaded through artery to the heart to release opaque material and create X-ray images of the details of coronary arteries * used to ID blockages and their locations

Answer 294

specially trained nurse or technician who draws blood for lab tests and may start IVs

Answer 295

* benign tumor on the skin or in an internal organ composed of dilated blood vessels * often encapsulated within a fibrous shell

Answer 296

abnormal protrusion of structure out of normal anatomical position

Answer 297

* "many hardenings" * multiple hard plaques of degeneration of the insulating layer of nerve fibers in the CNS * loss of insulation disrupts nerve impulses

Answer 298

getting a CSF sample by inserting a needle between lumbar vertebrae

Answer 299

image/recording of the brain's electrical activity

Answer 300

cutting into the abdomen

Answer 301

smashing gall stones with sound waves

Answer 302

movement of bacteria or body cells (esp. cancer cells) from one part of the body to another

Anatomy and Positioning Flashcards

(350 cards)