Anatomy - Common Reproductive System

Question 1

Which bony features make up the superior pelvic aperture (pelvic inlet)?

Answer 1

Sacral promontory
Ala of the sacrum 
Arcuate line of the ilium
Pecten pubis
Pubic tubercle 
Pubic crest
Pubic symphysis

Question 2

Which bony features make up the inferior pelvic aperture (pelvic outlet)?

Answer 2

Inferior margin of pubic symphysis
Inferior rami of pubis
Sacrotuberous ligaments
Tip of the coccyx

Question 3

Which parts of the pelvis are termed the true and false pelvis?

Answer 3

Greater pelvis - false

Lesser pelvis - true

Question 4

What is the difference between a male and female greater pelvis?

Answer 4

Female - shallow

Male - deep

Question 5

What is the difference between a male and female lesser pelvis?

Answer 5

Female - wide and shallow

Male - narrow and deep

Question 6

What is the difference between a male and female pelvic inlet?

Answer 6

Female - oval or rounded

Male - heart shaped

Question 7

What is the difference between a male and female pelvic outlet?

Answer 7

Female - comparatively large

Male - comparatively small

Question 8

What is the difference between a male and female subpubic angle?

Answer 8

Female - obtuse, greater than 90 degrees

Male - acute, less than 90 degrees

Question 9

What is the difference between a male and female obturator foramen?

Answer 9

Female - oval

Male - round

Question 10

What is the difference between a male and female acetabulum?

Answer 10

Female - small

Male - large

Question 11

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 11

Synovial plane

Question 12

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

Answer 12

Secondary cartilaginous

Question 13

Which muscle occupies the lateral pelvic wall?

Answer 13

Obturator internus

Question 14

Which muscle is present in the posterior wall of the pelvis?

Answer 14

Piriformis

Question 15

Which nerve plexus lies on the muscle forming the posterior wall of the pelvis?

Answer 15

Sacral plexus

Question 16

What is the perineal body?

Answer 16

Central tendon of the perineum

Question 17

What is the anococcygeal body?

Answer 17

A ligament extending from the coccyx to the anus

Question 18

What are the two major parts of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 18

Levator ani

Coccygeus

Question 19

What are two functions of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 19

Supports pelvic viscera

Maintenance of continence

Question 20

What is the innervation of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 20

Pudendal nerve (S2, S3)
Nerve to levator ani (S4)

Question 21

What is a cystocele?

Answer 21

Anterior vaginal wall prolapse of bladder into vagina

Question 22

What is a rectocele?

Answer 22

Posterior vaginal wall prolapse of rectum into vagina

Question 23

Why is a mediolateral episiotomy preferable to a midline episiotomy?

Answer 23

The midline episiotomy could tear down to the anal sphincter

Question 24

Which part of the rectum drains into the portal circulation?

Answer 24

The superior rectal vein

Question 25

Which part of the rectum drains into the systemic circulation?

Answer 25

The middle and inferior rectal veins

Question 26

What are haemorrhoids?

Answer 26

Swollen or inflamed vascular structures in the anal canal

Question 27

Why might haemorrhoids be associated with cirrhosis of the liver?

Answer 27

Obstruction of portal vein leading to enlarged vessels

Question 28

What is the root value of the ilioinguinal nerve?

Answer 28

L1

Question 29

At what point does the ilioinguinal nerve enter the inguinal canal?

Answer 29

Superficial inguinal ring

Question 30

What does the ilioinguinal nerve supply in the male and female?

Answer 30

Male - skin at the root of the penis | Female - labia

Question 31

What is the root value of the genitofemoral nerve?

Answer 31

L1-2

Question 32

At what point does the genitofemoral nerve enter the inguinal canal?

Answer 32

Deep inguinal ring

Question 33

What structures in the male are supplied by the genital branch of the genito-femoral nerve?

Answer 33

Cremaster and dartos muscles

Question 34

What is the clinical significance of the genital branch of the genito-femoral nerve?

Answer 34

The genitofemoral nerve is responsible for both the sensory (femoral branch) and motor portions (genital branch) of the cremasteric reflex, which describes contraction of the cremasteric muscle when the skin of the superior medial part of the thigh is touched.

Question 35

From which segmental levels does the pudendal nerve arise?

Answer 35

S2, 3, 4

Question 36

What bony landmarks are used when performing a pudendal nerve block during labour?

Answer 36

Ischial tuberosity | Ischial spine

Question 37

What are the nerve roots of the sympathetic fibres?

Answer 37

L1 and L2

Question 38

What plexus do the sympathetic fibres come from in the male?

Answer 38

Hypogastric plexus

Question 39

What do the sympathetic fibres supply in the male?

Answer 39

Vas deferens Seminal vesicles Prostate Epididymis

Question 40

From which plexuses do the sympathetic fibres arise from in the female?

Answer 40

Pelvic and ovarian plexuses

Question 41

What are the nerve roots of the parasympathetic fibres in the female?

Answer 41

Pelvic splanchnic nerves - S2, 3, 4

Question 42

What are the nerve roots of the parasympathetic fibres in the male?

Answer 42

S2, 3, 4 via the hypogastric plexus

Question 43

After rectal surgery, why are some men unable to ejaculate?

Answer 43

Damage to the pudendal nerve

Question 44

Which structures are drained by the external iliac lymph nodes?

Answer 44

Glans penis | Glans clitoris