Anatomy dissection notes 7&8

Question 1

Go over the bones of the foot

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the 5 main different types of joints in the foot ?

Answer 2

1. Subtalar joint (between talus and calcaneus)
2. Midtarsal joints: 2 joints here - calcaneocuboid & talocalcaneonavicular
3. Tarsometatarsal (between the cuneiforms/cuboid proximally & the metatarsals)
4. Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) - between the metatarsals and the phalanges
5. Interphalangeal (only has one in each toe unlike the fingers with 2)

Question 3

What is the function of arches in the foot ?

Answer 3

These provide shock absorption, “push-off” spring in function and increased weight-bearing capacity by weight redistribution across the whole foot.

Question 4

What are the main arches of the foot ?

Answer 4

• Medial longitudinal arch
• Lateral longitudinal arch
• Transverse arch

Question 5

What bones are involved in the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 5

Composed of the bones of the medial aspect of the foot (calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms and metatarsals 1-3)

Question 6

What muscles help support the medial longitudinal arch of the foot ?

Answer 6

• Flexor hallicus longus
• Tibialis anterior
• Fibularis longus

These ones because there distal attachements are to bones involved in the arch

Question 7

What are the bones involved in the lateral longitudinal arch (less important arch)?

Answer 7

Formed by the calcaneus, cuboid and metatarsals 4 & 5.

Question 8

What bones are involved in the formation of the transverse arch ?

Answer 8

Consists of the cuboid, cuneiforms and the bases of all 5 metatarsals.

Question 9

Define what is meant by an intrinsic muscle of the foot ?

Answer 9

It is a muscle which attaches proximally and distally within the foot

Question 10

What are the two main arteries you palpate in the foot ?

Answer 10

Dorsalis pedis (branch of the anterior tibial artery) and posterior tibial artery

Question 11

Describe the superficial veins in the foot

Answer 11

Dorsal venous arch giving rise to great (medially) and small (laterally) saphenous veins

Question 12

Describe the deep venous system in the foot

Answer 12

Accompany the arteries of the foot and drain into the anterior and posterior tibial and the fibular veins

These veins then join to form the politeal vein

Question 13

Describe the motor innervation of the foot

Answer 13

Sole - tibial nerve

Dorsum - deep fibular nerve

Question 14

Describe the sensory innervation of the

Answer 14

• Dorsum - mainly supplied by the superifical fibular nerve (deep fibular supplies first interdigital cleft)
• Sole - mainly tibial nerve

The saphenous nerve supplies the proximal medial border of both dorsum and sole of foot

The sural nerve supplies the proximal lateral border of the dorsum and sole of the foot

Question 15

The lymph drainage of the foot accompanies the small and great saphenous veins