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Anatomy > Anatomy Exam 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle

A

Bundles of muscle fasciculi- surrounded by epimysium

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2
Q

Fasciculi

A

Bundles of muscle fibers- surrounded by perimysium

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3
Q

Muscle fiber

A

The muscle cell - surrounded by endomysium

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4
Q

Myofibrils

A

Bundles of contractile proteins in muscle cell

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5
Q

Myofilaments

A

The contractile proteins

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6
Q

Thick myofilaments

A

Myosin

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7
Q

Thin myofilaments

A

Actin+ ensheathing proteins troponin and tropomyosin

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8
Q

The Sarcomere

A

The basic contractile unit of the myofiber

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9
Q

A bands

A

anisotropic bands (dark)

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10
Q

I bands

A

isotropic bands (light)

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11
Q

H zone

A

clear zone

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12
Q

Z line

A

connecting points of sarcomere to another

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13
Q

General Sequence of Events in Myofiber Contraction

A
  1. Stimulus
  2. ACh-gated sodium channels open
  3. Na+ initiates action potential along muscle cell membrane
  4. action potential passes over cell membrane and enters cell via modified E.R. termed the sarcoplasmic reticulum
  5. Action potential stimulates the release of Ca++ from SR
  6. Ca++ produces
    a. configuration changes in ensheathing proteins
    b. stimulates ATPase activity of myosin
  7. Actin and myosin attract each other (sliding filament theory)
  8. Inactivation of ACh by Chase end depolarization (AChase(AChE) breaks down 25,000 molecules of EACh per second)
  9. Ca++ actively transported back into SR
  10. Filaments release and slide back into resting state- movement aided by elastic nature of connective tissues associated with muscle cells
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14
Q

Filament overlap

A

Skeletal muscle = maximum at resting length
Cardiac muscle = maximum when slightly stretched

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15
Q

Energetics of Muscle Contraction

A

Energy required for :
-activation of myosin
-Ca++ pump
-Na+/K+ pump
Energy sources:
-ATP - 1-2 second supply
-Phosphocreatin- energy transferred to ATP 6 seconds
-Stored glycogen - glycolysis= 2 1/2 times faster than oxidative reaction - 1 minute supply
-Oxidative metabolism - long term contraction, primary fuel source is fat

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16
Q

Isometric

A

no movement, no work

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17
Q

Isotonic

A

movement and work

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18
Q

Muscle Twitch Phases

A

Stimulus
Latent period
Contraction
Relaxation
Refractory

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19
Q

All of None principle of muscle contraction

A

muscle fiver stimulated at threshold level will contract completely

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20
Q

Motor unit

A

motor nerve fiber and all of the muscle cells it controls

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21
Q

Variations in strength of contraction due to motor unit structure

A

Low ratio motor units- fine control
High ratio motor unites - coarse control

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Anatomy (6 decks)

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