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Nursing > Anatomy Exam 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Responsible for cellular immunity

A

T Cells

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2
Q

(Endocrine Glands location)
Middle of brain

A

Pineal gland

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3
Q

Migrate to injury sites & release heparin & histamine into ISF;
attracts others of its kind &
eosinophils to area

A

Basophils (less than 1%):

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4
Q

Responsible for immune surveillance; destruction of abnormal tissue cells & preventing cancer

A

NK cells (natural killer)

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5
Q

Hematocrit decrease seen with ___ & ___

A

Anemia & hemorrhage

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6
Q

protein that contains iron

A

Hemoglobin

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7
Q

Shaped like almond, depression of frontal bone, in upper outer portion of each orbit;
Produces tears (watery, slightly alkaline); Contain enzyme lysozyme – attacks bacteria & fight infection

A

Lacrimal Gland

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8
Q

____ count the different types of leukocytes

A

Blood tests

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9
Q

Men hematocrit %

A

42 to 54%

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10
Q

receptors in internal ear

A

equilibrium

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11
Q

localized near tip of tongue

A

sweet

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12
Q

when receptors exposed to a continuous stimulus, receptors adjust so sensation becomes less acute

A

adaptation

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13
Q

Requires an external brake to slow it

A

Positive feedback mechanism

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14
Q

(Retina parts)
color vision

A

Cones

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15
Q

Hearing & equilibrium receptors
(movement of cilia on receptor cells)
- ear

A

Proprioceptors

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16
Q

(Endocrine Glands location)
on top of kidneys, like a cap;
at level of 12th rib

A

Adrenals

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17
Q

Lingu or glosso = ___

A

Tongue

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18
Q

___ do not adapt

A

pain receptors

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19
Q

Receptors or hair cells in ______ are in the organ of Corti

A

Cochlear Duct

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20
Q

____ is a sign of TB

A

Increased % of monocytes

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21
Q

____ stimulates RBC production, and is released from ____

A

Erythropoietin; kidneys

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22
Q

Necessary Vitamin for formation of blood clot (prothrombin)

A

Vitamin K

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23
Q

(Endocrine Glands location)
hangs beneath hypothalamus

A

Pituitary Gland

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24
Q

Stimulus for production of RBC’s

A

Hormone erythropoietin

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25
Q

fills vitreous body, area between lens & retina;
helps stabilize shape of eye & gives support to retina;
Is not replaced

A

Vitreous Humor

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26
Q

(Endocrine Glands location)
Behind thyroid glands

A

Parathyroid glands

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27
Q

(Endocrine glands location)
located at forebrain

A

Hypothalamus

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28
Q

balance needed for strong bones & teeth/ Proper function of nerves & muscles

A

Calcium

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29
Q

Universal blood recipient:

A

type AB

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30
Q

____ is a sign of aplastic & pernicious anemia, radiation

A

Decreased % of Neutrophils

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31
Q

Monitor body position – muscle sense

A

Proprioceptors

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32
Q

Attachment site for 6 extrinsic eye muscles;
contains small blood vessels & nerves

A

Sclera

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33
Q

Innermost, incomplete layer of the eye; Found only in posterior part of eyeball, has no anterior portion

A

Retina

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34
Q

receptors on tongue are for

A

taste

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35
Q

needed in sufficient amounts in body (120-150 ug) for Thyroxine and T3 to be produced

A

Iodine

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36
Q

Normal blood pH:

A

7.35 - 7.45

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37
Q

WBC count less than 5,000 cells per mcL of blood

A

Leukopenia

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38
Q

Detect changes in temperature – skin

A

Thermoreceptors

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39
Q

____ is a sign of allergies, parasites, autoimmune disorders

A

increased % of Eosinophils

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40
Q

synthesis of DNA to reproduce

A

Folic acid & B12

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41
Q

Pulls tissue fluid into capillaries to maintain blood pressure

A

Albumin

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42
Q

protect against infection;
Help defend body against invasion by pathogens;
Remove toxins, wastes & abnormal or damaged cells by phagocytosis

A

WBC’s

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43
Q

Another name for WBC’s are____

A

Leukocytes

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44
Q

Ciliary muscle relaxes

A

lens flattened, helps distant vision

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45
Q

Outermost layer of the eye; tough, white, fibrous protective layer

A

Sclera

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46
Q

Give protection against foreign objects entering eye

A

Eyelashes

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47
Q

localized along sides of tongue

A

sour

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48
Q

Contains its own brake and shutdown mechanism (can turn themselves off);
How most hormones work

A

Negative feedback mechanism

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49
Q

Detect chemicals in solution – gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide)

A

Chemoreceptors

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50
Q

Connect nervous system with our internal & external environment

A

Sensory Receptor

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51
Q

abnormally low level of hemoglobin or RBC’s & impaired delivery of oxygen to tissues

A

Anemia

52
Q

Attracted to sites of inflammation - release enzymes to reduce inflammation & control spread

A

Eosinophils (2-4%)

53
Q

Covers white of eye (sclera) extends to cornea

A

Conjunctiva

54
Q

ABO typed named after:

A

antibodies on the person’s RBC’s

55
Q

transmits vibrations to the hair cells in the Organ of Corti

A

Perilymph fluid

56
Q

____, ____, and ____ adapt rapidly

A

warmth, cold, smell

57
Q

Contracts to change the shape of lens & focusing process

A

Ciliary Muscle

58
Q

Function of ____ is to transport oxygen with hemoglobin

A

RBC’s

59
Q

Sensory structures formed by taste receptors & epithelial cells;
located in lingual papillae (small nipple like elevations on tongue)

A

Taste Buds

60
Q

Necessary Vitamins for production of RBC’s are ____

A

Folic Acid & B12

61
Q

(Endocrine Glands location)
Between lungs

A

Thymus

62
Q

Another name for RBC’S are___

A

Erythrocytes

63
Q

Hematocrit increase seen with ___

A

Dehydration

64
Q

affects clotting process;
needed for liver to synthesize prothrombin

A

Vitamin K

65
Q

Vitamin needed for blood cell production

A

B Vitamin (Folic Acid)

66
Q

RBC’s life span:

A

120 Days

67
Q

Women hematocrit %

A

36 to 46%

68
Q

____ enhances inflammation response

A

Histamine

69
Q

Part of eye that contains photoreceptors called rods and cones for vision

A

Retina

70
Q

Responsible for hearing

A

Organ of Corti

71
Q

(Retina parts)
light- sensitive; work in dim light

A

Rods

72
Q

Part of eye that receives image formed by lens; Structure where light rays come to a focus

A

Retina

73
Q

Respond to movement (stretch, pressure, vibration) – skin

A

Proprioceptors

74
Q

Mucous membrane lining inner surface of eyelid;
Transparent & continuous over surface of eyeball

A

Conjunctiva

75
Q

___ is bound and transported by hemoglobin

A

O2 in blood

76
Q

Stimulating hormone for production of RBC’s released from _____ in response to ______

A

Kidneys; Decreased O2 levels

77
Q

Blood clots made of ___

A

Fibrin (framework)

78
Q

Universal blood doner:

A

type O-

79
Q

Recognize foreign antigens;
Responsible for specific immunity

A

Lymphocytes (20-30%)

80
Q

abnormal clot in a vessel

A

Thrombus

81
Q

receptors in eye are for

A

vision (duh 🙄)

82
Q

WBC count exceeds 10,000 cells per mcL of blood

A

Leukocytosis

83
Q

deficient number of circulating platelets (most common clotting disorder)

A

Thrombocytopenia

84
Q

formed in liver, then excreted by the liver and eliminated in fecal matter

A

Bilirubin

85
Q

____ prevents blood clotting

A

Heparin

86
Q

______ is when brain does not interpret location of pain accurately, and pin points it to a different region of body
(Only occurs from stimulation of deep structures: Muscles, fascia, joints, tendons or viscera)

A

Referred pain

87
Q

_____ is a sign of AIDS, steroid or radiation therapy

A

Decreased % of Lymphocytes

88
Q

Cranial nerve for taste

A

Facial and glossopharyngeal

89
Q

Percentage of total blood volume composed of RBC’s is called

A

Hematocrit

90
Q

Specialized cell or nerve ending receiving a stimulus from the body or environment

A

Sensory Receptor

91
Q

receptors in upper nasal cavities are for

A

smell

92
Q

Microphage; highly mobile/ first to arrive at wound

A

Neutrophils (50-70%)

93
Q

Respond to pain

A

Nociceptors

94
Q

(Endocrine Glands location)
Behind the stomach

A

Pancreas

95
Q

Microphage;
Important in defense against parasites, flukes, worms

A

Eosinophils (2-4%)

96
Q

______ is never referred (referred pain)

A

skin

97
Q

RBC’s are engulfed & destroyed by ____ in ____

A

Phagocytes; liver, spleen or bone marrow

98
Q

localized at back of tongue

A

bitter

99
Q

Spiral shaped bony chamber resembling a snail;
Filled with perilymph fluid

A

Cochlea

100
Q

Too much C02:

A

pH decreases (Acidic)

101
Q

Stimulate RBC production

A

Androgens

102
Q

Necessary Mineral for formation of blood clots

A

Calcium

103
Q

receptors in ear are for

A

hearing

104
Q

Sensitive to allergens - numbers increase during allergic reactions

A

Eosinophils (2-4%)

105
Q

engulfs pathogens by phagocytosis

A

Macrophages

106
Q

Anterior portion of the eye; Transparent & lies over iris

A

Cornea

107
Q

Inhibit RBC production

A

Estrogen

108
Q

connects middle ear to pharynx

A

Eustachian tube

109
Q

Receptors for smell – chemicals vaporized in nasal cavity

A

Chemoreceptors

110
Q

(Endocrine Glands location)
Front of neck; “bow-tie”

A

Thyroid

111
Q

Receptors that respond to light - retina of eye

A

Photoreceptors

112
Q

Most important phagocytic macrophage after neutrophils

A

Monocytes (2-8%)

113
Q

localized at tip of tongue

A

salty

114
Q

Part of the eye where light waves pass through first;
Obtains oxygen & nutrients from tears

A

Cornea

115
Q

____ is a sign of chronic infections, mono, lymphocytic leukemia, viral infections

A

Increased % of Lymphocytes

116
Q

Free macrophage outside blood; goes into tissues;
Very aggressive large cell phagocyte

A

Monocytes (2-8%)

117
Q

Too little CO2 =

A

pH increases (Alkaline)

118
Q

Most sensitive part of eye;
Has numerous free nerve endings;
Cannot readily repair itself

A

Cornea

119
Q

___ is a sign of acute infection, myelocytic leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis

A

Increased % of Neutrophils

120
Q

Receptors for taste – chemicals dissolved in saliva

A

Chemoreceptors

121
Q

Ciliary muscle contracts

A

lens rounded, helps close up vision

122
Q

Hemoglobin from destroyed RBC’s retrieved, recycled and stored in ____

A

Liver
(Phagocytosis)

123
Q

Blood clots synthesized in ____

A

Liver

124
Q

Responsible for humoral immunity

A

B Cells

125
Q

Are we gonna get a 100% on this exam?

A

Yes

Nursing (7 decks)

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