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Flashcards in Anatomy / Histology Deck (45)
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1
Q

What organs make up the urinary system?

A

kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra

2
Q

What organs make up the urinary tract?

A

ureter, bladder, and urethra

3
Q

Is the left or right kidney lower?

A

Right

4
Q

What is the renal hilum?

A

Medial structure where BVs and nerves enter

5
Q

What ribs cover the left kidney?

A

T11-T12

6
Q

What layer of fat is right next to the kidney?

A

The perinephric fat (perirenal fat capsule)

7
Q

What layer of fascia surrounds the kidney?

A

The renal fascia

8
Q

What layer of fat is external to the renal fascia?

A

The paranephric fat

9
Q

What is the mnemonic for the renal arteries?

A

“Really Surly Irishmen Are In a Guinness Engrossed Puke Vomit”

10
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the kidney?

A

lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-11) and least splanchnic (T12) synapsing in the aorticorenal ganglia

Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-L2)

11
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the kidney?

A

The vagus nerve

12
Q

What two layers is Bowmans capsule made up of?

A

The parietal layer and visceral layer

13
Q

The parietal layer of Bowmans capsule is what kind of epithelium?

A

simple squamous

14
Q

Where is the visceral layer of Bowmans capsule located?

A

on the glomerular capillary (with the podocytes)

15
Q

What two types of collagen make up the GBM?

A

IV and XVII

16
Q

What is albuminia?

A

Urine albumin indicative of damage to the GBM. Albumin cannot normally pass through

17
Q

What do mesangial cells do?

A
  • support
  • phagocytose
  • help control GFR
  • prevent glomerular distension
  • secrete growth factor and cytokines
18
Q

Where does angiotensin II influence Na+ resorption?

A

DCT

19
Q

Main function of PCT?

A

resorption and secretion

20
Q

What transporters are located on the PCT? (4)

A
  • Na-K pumps
  • aquaporins
  • glucose transporters
  • AA transporters
21
Q

What is the main function of the loop of henle?

A

to set up the hyper osmotic gradient

22
Q

What is the main function of the collecting ducts?

A

Water reabsorption

23
Q

Two basic cell types of the collecting tubules?

A

Light and dark cells

24
Q

What acts of light cells?

A

aldosterone

25
Q

What is the function of dark cells?

A

H+ and bicarb transport

26
Q

What acts on the collecting tubules/ducts?

A

ADH and aldosterone

27
Q

What do the juxtaglomerular cells secrete if blood pressure is low?

A

Renin

28
Q

How does the macula densa act as a chemoreceptor? How does it act?

A

By monitoring salt levels. Signals release of renin from juxtaglomerular cells if sodium is low

29
Q

Where is the PCT found?

A

In the renal cortex

30
Q

What epithelium is found in the PCT?

A

simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium with abundant microvilli (brush border)

31
Q

What kind of epithelium in the loop of henle?

A

Thin - permeable simple squamous lacking a brush border

Thick - simple cuboidal with numerous microvilli (no brush border)

32
Q

Where is the DCT confined to?

A

The cortex

33
Q

What epithelium lines the DCT?

A

Simple cuboidal with sparse microvilli

34
Q

What hormone acts on the DCT to influence Na resorption?

A

Angiotensin II

35
Q

What epithelium lines the collecting ducts?

A

Simple cuboidal but simple columnar at the ends

36
Q

What acts on light cells?

A

Aldosterone

37
Q

The bladder is what kind of epithelium?

A

Transitional epithelium (urothelium)

38
Q

What is the function of fusiform vesicles in the bladder?

A

Intracellular compartments for storage of urothelial plaques

39
Q

What is the function of urothelial plaques?

A

Forms an impermeable barrier with uroplakin proteins

40
Q

Mnemonic for epithelium of the urethra

A

T - transitional (top)
I
P - psuedostratified columnar
SS - stratified squamous

41
Q

Dark cells are also known as what?

A

Intercalated cells

42
Q

What is another name for light cells?

A

Principle cell

43
Q

Males have what three kinds of urethra?

A

Prostatic, membranous, and spongy

44
Q

Females have what kind of urethra?

A

Membranous

45
Q

What does the membranous urethra pass through?

A

The urogenital diaphragm