Anatomy lab: face

Question 1

what are the clinical test for facial nerve function? and what branches do they test?

Answer 1

ask the patient to crease up their forehead (raise their eyebrows) = frontalis muscle

close their eyes and keep them closed against resistance = orbiculares oculi
puff out their cheeks = orbiculares oris
smile/reveal their teeth = zygomaticous major + levator labii
grimace = risorius

Question 2

What are the branches of facial artery?

Answer 2

Inferior labial artery. Superior labial artery. Lateral nasal branch. Angular artery

Question 3

what are the 4 muscles of mastication and which two are most superficial? What are thy innervated by?

Answer 3

There are four masticatory muscles on each side of the head:
masseter, (SUP)
temporalis, (SUP
lateral pterygoid,
medial pterygoid.

They are innervated by the mandibular brach of the trigeminal nerve

Question 4

Describe the actions of the muscles of mastication

Answer 4

masseter: Elevates the mandible, closing the mouth

temporalis : Elevates the mandible, closing the mouth. Also retracts the mandible, pulling the jaw posteriorly.

lateral pterygoid: protract the mandible, pushing the jaw forwards + causes ‘side to side’ movement of the jaw.

medial pterygoid: Elevates the mandible, closing the mouth

Question 5

where is the infraorbital foreman located and what passes through it?

Answer 5

located below the inferior rim of the orbit of the maxillary bone
It transmits the infraorbital artery, vein and nerve, and a branch of the maxillary nerve

Question 6

what bones make up the norma frontalis?

Answer 6

frontal bone, left and right maxilla, nasal bones, zygomatic bone and mandible

Question 7

what is the official name for baby teeth?

Answer 7

deciduous teeth

Question 8

what cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and sublingual glands?

Answer 8

via the chorda tympani, a branch of the facial nerve

Question 9

where can arterial pulsations be found in head and neck?

Answer 9

in 4 places:
Carotid pulse: the common or external carotid artery can be palpated in the anterior triangle of the neck
facial pulse
temporal pulse: anterior branch of superficial temporal artery
temporal pulse: superficial temporal artery

Question 10

where are the 2 baroreceptors ?

Answer 10

carotid sinus and aortic arch

Question 11

what is the nerve supply to the buccinator, its function in daily life and the pharyngeal arch of embryo from which is is derived?

Answer 11

buccal branch of facial nerve
Actions: smiling and whistling
2nd pharyngeal arch

Question 12

what is the oral vestibule?

Answer 12

entrance into mouth, area between the teeth, lips and cheeks

Question 13

what are the 3 muscles of mastication that elevate the mandible?

Answer 13

medial pterygoid, temporalis and masseur

Question 14

what does parotid duct do?

Answer 14

acts as a route that saliva takes from the major salivary gland, the parotid gland, into the mouth.

Question 15

what muscle is responsible for closing eyelids?

Answer 15

orbital part of orbiucularis oculi m

Question 16

what muscle is responsible for pursing and narrowing the orifice of the lips?

Answer 16

orbicularis oris muscle

Question 17

which sensory nerves reach skin by passing through the bone?

Answer 17

supraorbital nerve, infraorbital nerve, mental nerve

Question 18

what region of the face does the parotid lymph node drain?

Answer 18

side of head, external ear and face above line from the medial end of eyelids to angle of mandible

Question 19

what is the anatomical name for the Cupid’s bow?

Answer 19

philtrum