Anatomy Lecturio

Question 1

Kidneys Peritoneal position

Answer 1

Retroperitoneal

Question 2

Kidney Ant Post position

Answer 2

In front of Posterior abdominal wall , Furthest back

Question 3

Kidney & Ribs rel.

Answer 3

Rib 11 12 - Broken Ribs can cause damage

Question 4

R L kidney pos. rel.

Answer 4

Right lower because of Liver

Question 5

Kidney Segments

Answer 5

5 : Sup , Inf , 2 Ant ( Sup , Inf ) , Post - each with different branch of renal artery ( Segmental end arteries )

Question 6

T/F: Kidney is surrounded by a substantial amount of fat

Answer 6

True - Keeps them in position

Question 7

T/F : Kidneys have a substantial blood in-flow

Answer 7

True - Straight from Aorta

Question 8

Two types of Renal Fat

Answer 8

Paranephric outside - Fascia (Capsule)- Perinephric in Renal sinus

Question 9

IVC , Aorta , R L branches to kidney position and Length

Answer 9

IVC in the right - Aorta in the left and Post. , Veins : RL

Question 10

Renal concave medial surface

Answer 10

Hilum and Sinus (inner)

Question 11

Urine pathway

Answer 11

Pyramid (medulla) - renal papilla - minor to major Calyces - Renal Pelvis - Ureter - Bladder

Question 12

Ureter peritoneum rel.

Answer 12

Retroperitoneal

Question 13

Ureter Constriction points (stone can be lodged)

Answer 13

Junc. to Renal Pelvis , Passing Pelvic brim (Iliac bifurcation) , Entrance to Bladder

Question 14

Suprarenal Glands Shapes

Answer 14

R : Trangle , L : Semilunar

Question 15

Two parts of Suprarenal Glands & Function

Answer 15

Cortex : Corticosteroids & Androgens (retain water & salt) , Medulla : part of sympatethic , Adrenaline

Question 16

Suprarenal arteries and Origin

Answer 16

3. Sup from inf. Phrenic art. , Middle from Aorta , Inferior from Renal art.

Question 17

Suprarenal Veins

Answer 17

straight to IVC or through Renal vein

Question 18

Hypothalamus Nuclei

Answer 18

POA , P , A , PV , SC , SO , DM , VM , ARC , M (see pic. E.1)

Question 19

Supraoptic & Paraventricular Nuclei Hormones

Answer 19

ADH + Oxytocin

Question 20

ADH job , Lesion result

Answer 20

Water retention , Lesion : Diabetes Insipidus

Question 21

Oxytocin job

Answer 21

Lactation , Parturition (Uterine contraction)

Question 22

Preoptic Area nucleus Function

Answer 22

Thermoregulation , Sexual behavior (dimorphism)

Question 23

Preoptic Area nucleus Lesion

Answer 23

Loss of sexual behavior , Amenorrhea , Impotence

Question 24

Anterior Hypothalamic nucleus Function , Lesion result

Answer 24

Job : Thermoregulation (cooling) , Sleep , Lesion : Hyperthermia

Question 25

Suprachiasmatic nucleus Function , Lesion

Answer 25

Direct input from Retina : Circadian rhythms , Lesion : Elimination of Circadian rhythms

Question 26

Dorsomedial Nucleus Function

Answer 26

Physiological Circadian rhythms (related to) : Eating , Drinking , Energy Consumption + Ingestive behavior , Cardiovascular response to stress

Question 27

Dorsomedial Nucleus Lesion Result

Answer 27

Hyperphagia , Restricted food intake = Rage outburst

Question 28

Ventromedial Nucleus Function

Answer 28

Appetite and Satiety , Energy consumption , Thermoregulation , Fear

Question 29

Ventromedial Nucleus Lesion Result

Answer 29

Hyperphagia , Obesity Syndrome

Question 30

Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus Function , Lesion Result

Answer 30

Thermoregulation (Heating) , Hypothermia

Question 31

Hypothalamus Mammilllary Bodies Function , Lesion Result

Answer 31

Emotion , Regulation of Recollective Memory , Lesion : Memory Deficit , Pathogenesis of Wernicke's Encephalopathy

Question 32

Lateral Hypothalamic Area Function

Answer 32

Appetite and Satiety , Pain Reception , Thermoregulation , Digestive function , Blood pressure

Question 33

Lateral Hypothalamic Area Lesion Result

Answer 33

Narcolepsy , motility disorder , Functional GI disorder , Eating disorders (starvation , Weight loss)

Question 34

Arcuate Nucleus Function

Answer 34

Control + - of Ant. Pituitary via portal system , Regulation : Prolactin secretion of the pituitary via Dopamine & GHRH , regulation of appetite and body weight (via Neuropeptide Y)

Question 35

Arcuate Nucleus Lesion

Answer 35

Galactorrhea , Hyperphagia , Obesity

Question 36

Pituitary Parts & Function

Answer 36

2 : Adenohypophysis : Glandular , regulated by Arcuate nucleus Neurohypophysis : PV and SO axons : stores ADH & Oxytocin