Anatomy- Nervous system and Nervous tissue Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Anatomy- Nervous system and Nervous tissue Deck (26)
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1
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Nervous System that extends outside the CNS.

2
Q

PNS-Sensory(afferent) division:

A

Nerves that convey(give) impulses to the CNS from sensory receptors

Afferent or sensory neurons receive information from the outside (sensory receptors) and sends them to other neurons so the body could produce a response

3
Q

PNS-Sensory Neurons

A

Link body parts to CNS

4
Q

PNS-Somatic Afferent Fibers:

A

Give impulses to the skin,skeletal muscles & joints.

Afferent or sensory neurons receive information from the outside (sensory receptors) and sends them to other neurons so the body could produce a response

5
Q

PNS-Visceral afferent fibers:

A

Give impulses from visceral organs( organs and ventral body cavity)

Afferent or sensory neurons receive information from the outside (sensory receptors) and sends them to other neurons so the body could produce a response

6
Q

Motor(efferent) division:

A

Transmit impulses from the CNS to effector organs( muscles and glands)

Efferent neurons or motor neurons receive information from other neurons and sends that information to effectors (muscles,glands), which produce a response.

7
Q

Motor(efferent) division:

-Motor neurons:

A

Activate muscle contraction and glandular secretion

8
Q

Motor(efferent) division:

-Somatic Nervous System(voluntary nervous system):

A

Neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles.

Efferent neurons or motor neurons receive information from other neurons and sends that information to effectors (muscles,glands), which produce a response.

9
Q

Motor(efferent) division:

-Autonomic Nervous System(ANS) aka involuntary nervous system

A

Visceral motor neurons that regulate activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.

Efferent neurons or motor neurons receive information from other neurons and sends that information to effectors (muscles,glands), which produce a response.

10
Q

One division of ANS: Sympathetic

A

“Fight or Flight” - accelerates circulatory, respiratory system

11
Q

One division of the ANS: Parasympathetic

A

“Rest and digest”

12
Q

Neuroglia of CNS: Astrocytes

A

Star-shaped, most abundant & versatile cells

  • anchors neurons to capillaries and aid
  • control the chemical environment - clean up potassium ions and neurotransmitters
13
Q

Neuroglia of CNS: Microglia

A

Small oval cells with long “thorny” processes

-Can transform into phagocytic cells and engul/break down bacteria and cell debris

14
Q

Ependymal Cells:

A

Are ciliated. Line central cavities of brain/spinal cord.

15
Q

Neuroglia of CNS: Oligodendrocytes

A

Produce myelin

16
Q

White Matter

A

Myelinated fiber tracts of CNS.

17
Q

Gray Matter

A

Unmyelinated fibers in CNS

18
Q

Action Potential

Saluatory conduction: Myelin sheath

A

Insulates against leakage and charge

Much FASTER than in Unmyelinated axons.

19
Q

Synapse:

A

Junction that mediates transfer of information from neuron to neuron or effector(muscle gland)

20
Q

Synapse: Presynaptic neuron

A

Conducts impulses toward synapse

21
Q

Synapse: Postsynaptic Neuron

A

Transmits signals away from the synapse

22
Q

Neurotransmitters: acetyl choline(ACh)

A

Released to neuromuscular junctions(excitatory for skeletal muscle; inhibitory for cardiac muscle)

**Excitatory neurotransmitters are not necessarily exciting – they are what stimulate the brain. Those that calm the brain and help create balance are called inhibitory. Inhibitory neurotransmitters balance mood and are easily depleted when the excitatory neurotransmitters are overactive.

23
Q

Neurotransmitters: bio genetic amines:

A

Catecholamines(dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) and indolamines(histamine and serotonin)

24
Q

Neurotransmitters: Amino Acids

A

GABA, glycine, asparate, and glutamate.

25
Q

Neurotransmitters: peptides

A

Substance P, endorphins, and enkephalins

26
Q

Central Nervous System(CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord