Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ACVR Objectives > Anatomy Objectives > Flashcards

Anatomy Objectives Flashcards

1
Q

Which cells lay down bone matrix?

A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osteoblasts later become what cell type of mature bone?

A

Osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The cells which direct deposition of cartilage and bone are derived from what?

A

The mesenchyme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The mesenchyme forms the greater part of the middle germ layer known as what?

A

Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the basic osteophyte structure

A

Each osteophyte rests in the lacuna and has long branching processes which extend through canaliculi in the mineralized matrix to the lacunae of neighboring cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fetal skeleton is characterized by bones formed in a membrane (intramembranous ossification) which precedes or accompanies bones formed in cartilage (endochondral ossification)

A

Gimme!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Membrane bones develop in what tissue?

A

Fibrous tissue (Cranium and facial bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cartilage bone is preformed in what tissue?

A

Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Intramembranous ossification determines which measurement of the bone?

A

Diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In intramembranous ossification, Mesenchymal cells coalesce to form what kind of model of the future bone?

A

Fibrous model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Endochondral ossification determines which measurement of the bone?

A

Length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In endochondral ossification, mesenchymal cells form what kind of model of the future bone

A

Cartilage model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ossification takes place within the cartilage model by 1 or more centers of ossification. Where is the primary and secondary sites located?

A

Primary site - center

Secondary at the ends of bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In the primary ossification site, cartilage cells hypertrophy and arranged themselves in rows

A

Gimme!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Calcification of the intercellular matrix occurs followed by death of the chondrocytes. At the same time, blood vessels with osteoblasts from the peripheral tissues invade the central area?

A

Gimme!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Compact bone is formed under the direct ratio of stress known as what law?

A

Wolff’s Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Spongy bone of the skull is known as what?

A

Diploe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

An investing layer of connective tissue which covers the non-articular surfaces of all bones is known as what type of bone?

A

Periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thinner than periosteum, lines the medullary is what type of bone?

A

Endosteum

20
Q

All bone is derived from what?

A

Mesoderm

21
Q

Osteoblast synthesizes

A

Matrix and osteoid

22
Q

What makes up 90% of the organic component of the bone matrix?

A

Type 1 collagen

23
Q

What makes up the majority of the inorganic matrix?

A

Calcium hydroxyapetite

24
Q

What is the time period between osteoid production and mineralization of the matrix?

A

12-15 days

25
Q

Osteoblast lays down osteoid and loses its ability to produce osteoid and becomes what cell?

A

Osteocyte

26
Q

Osteocytes are connected by a system of tunnels called what?

A

Canaliculi

27
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

Bone resorption

28
Q

Secondary center of ossification in areas of ligamentous or tendinous attachments that contribute to the shape of the bone but not growth.

A

Apophysis

29
Q

In long bones, endochondral ossification is located where?

A

Physis and metaphysics where active bone formation takes place.

30
Q

There are 4 zones to the physics what are they?

A
  1. Reserve zone (on epiphyseal side)
  2. Zone of proliferation
  3. Zone of hypertrophy
  4. Zone of mineralization (Zone of endochondral ossification)
31
Q

Hormonal changes cause the physeal plate to turn to bone. What factors are involved?

A

GH-Somatotropin
Thyroid-hormones-thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine
Sex hormones

32
Q

What is the process called by which organic matrix is produced with subsequent mineralization of the inorganic matrix.

A

Ossification

33
Q

In what type of bone does collagen form in parallel arrangements?

A

Lamellar

34
Q

Lamellar bone requires a cartilage precursor

A

Gimme!

35
Q

Random collagen organization that is laid rapidly

A

Woven Bone

36
Q

What is normal deciduous dentition for a canine?

A

Total teeth = 14
Upper: 3,1,3
Lower: 3,1,3

37
Q

What is normal adult dentition for a canine?

A

Total teeth = 21
Upper: 3,1,4,2
Lower: 3,1,4,3

38
Q

Which teeth have more than 1 root in an adult canine?

A

Maxillary:
1st premolar = 1 root
2nd + 3rd premolar = 2 roots
4th premolar, 1st and 2nd molar = 3 roots

Mandibular:
1st premolar and 3rd molar = 1 root
The rest of the mandibular teeth have 2 roots.

39
Q

What is normal decidous dentition for a feline?

A

Total teeth = 13
Upper: 3,1,3
Lower: 3,1,2

40
Q

What is normal adult dentition for a feline?

A

Total teeth = 15
Upper: 3,1,3,1
Lower: 3,1,2,1

41
Q

Which teeth in an adult feline have more than 1 root?

A

Upper: 2nd premolar has 2 roots, 3rd premolar has 3 roots
Lower: all premolars/molars have 1 root

42
Q

What is the vertebral formula for cats, dogs, horses, bovine, porcine, and ferrets?

A 
Cats: C7,T13,L7,S3, Ca5-23
Dogs: C7,T13,L7,S3,Ca up to 20
Equine: C7,T18,L6,S5,Ca 15-21
Bovine: C7,T13,L6,S5 Cd 18-20
Porcine: C7, T14-15,L6-7,S4, Ca20-23
Ferrets - variable. 50% of patients examine in VRU 56.2 (117-123) had formula of C7,T14,L6,S3 with T,L or S varying by 1
43
Q

Normal dentition for an adult horse?

A

I 3/3
C 1/1 or 0/0
P 3 (4) / 3
M 3/3

44
Q

Normal deciduous dentition for a foal?

A

I 3/3
C 0/0
P 3/3

45
Q

Normal adult dentition for a cow?

A

I 0/4
C 0/0
P 3/3
M 3/3

46
Q

Deciduous dentition for a cow?

A

I 0/4
C 0/0
P 3/3

ACVR Objectives (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions