anatomy of thyroid Flashcards Preview

Endocrine > anatomy of thyroid > Flashcards

Flashcards in anatomy of thyroid Deck (62)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

external jugular vein

2
Q

where is external jugular vein found?

A

within superficial fascia

3
Q

what does the external jugular vein drain into?

A

-subclavian vein

4
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

anterior jugular vein

5
Q

where is the anterior jugular vein found?

A

within superficial fascia

6
Q

what does the anterior jugular vein drain in to?

A

the external jugular vein

7
Q

what is highlighted blue (and what both the arrows are)?

A

sternocleidomastoid

top arrow=sternal head
bottom arrow= clavicular head

8
Q

what does the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid attach to?

A

the sternal head attaches to the manubrium of the sternum and passes superiorly to attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone

9
Q

what does the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid attach to?

A

it attaches to the medial end of the clavicle and passes superiorly to attach to the mastoid process of temporal bone

10
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

trapezius (superior part)

11
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

CN XI- spinal accessory nerve

12
Q

what does CN XI (spinal accessory nerve) supply?

A

-sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

13
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

right platysma (in superficial fascia)

14
Q

what group of muscles does the platysma belong to?

A

‘muscles of facial expression’

15
Q

what is the platysma innervated by?

A

cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)

16
Q

what does investing fascia enclose?

A

encloses all other neck fascial compartments, encloses 2 pairs of muscles:

  • trapezius
  • sternocleidomastoid
17
Q

what does the prevertebral (deep fascia) enclose?

A
  • postural neck muscles

- cervical vertebrae

18
Q

what does the carotid sheath enclose?

A
  • deep cervical lymph nodes
  • vagus nerve
  • common carotid artery
  • internal jugular vein
19
Q

what does the pretracheal fascia enclose?

A
  • osophagus
  • trachea
  • thyroid gland
  • strap muscles
  • recurrent laryngeal nerves
20
Q

what is the fascial compartment highlighted green?

A

investing fascia

21
Q

what is the fascial compartment highlighted orange?

A

prevertebral (deep) fascia

22
Q

what is the fascial compartment highlighted red?

A

carotid sheath

23
Q

what is the fascial compartment highlighted purple?

A

pretracheal fascia

24
Q

where are carotid sheaths located?

A

deep to investing fascia; located anterolaterally in neck posterolateral to thyroid gland

25
Q

where do carotid sheaths attach to in the skull?

A

they attach superiorly to the base of the skull (around jugular foramen and entrance to carotid canal)

26
Q

what is found within each carotid sheath?

A
  • internal jugular vein
  • common, then internal carotid arteries
  • vagus nerve
  • deep cervical lymph nodes
27
Q

what is the arrow pointing to?

A

thyroid gland

28
Q

what are the group of 4 muscles that cover the anterior part of the neck called?

A

the strap muscles

29
Q

what are the 4 strap muscles?

A
  • sternohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyroyoid
30
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

hyoid bone

31
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

thyroid cartilage

32
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

thyrohyoid muscle

33
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

sternothyroid muscle

34
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

omohyoid muscle

arrow above=superior belly
arrow below= inferior belly

35
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

sternohyoid muscle

36
Q

how does the thyroid gland develop in the embry?

A
  • begins development as a midline epithelial proliferation at junction between anterior two thirds (oral/horizontal part) and posterior one third (oropharyngeal/vertical part) of tongue
  • it then migrates inferiorly whilst remaining attached to the tongue via the thyroglassal duct
  • the gland reaches its final position in relation to larynx/trachea in 7th week of development
37
Q

what does the thyroid gland consist of?

A

-two lateral lobes and an isthmus (narrow connecting band)

38
Q

is it worrying if a patient presents with a pyramidal lobe in their thyroid?

A

no- it is normal but not everyone has it (prevalence of 28-55%)

39
Q

where does a pyramidal lobe usually originate from?

A

left lateral lobe

40
Q

what are the 4 glands called found on the thyroid?

A

4 parathyroid glands

41
Q

where are the 4 parathyroid glands found on the thyroid?

A

located on posterior surfaces of thyroid gland lateral lobes

42
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

external carotid artery

43
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

left common carotid artery

44
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

arch of the aorta

45
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

subclavian artery

46
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

inferior thyroid artery

47
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

superior thyroid artery

48
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

superior thyroid vein

49
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

middle thyroid vein

50
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

inferior thyroid vein

51
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

brachiocephalic vein

52
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

superior vena cava

53
Q

what is highlighted blue?

A

internal jugular vein

54
Q

what are the lymphnodes highlighted yellow?

A

superior deep cervical lymph nodes

55
Q

what are the lymphnodes highlighted purple?

A

inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

56
Q

what are the lymphnode highlighted red?

A

pretracheal node

57
Q

what are the lymphnodes highlighted green?

A

paratracheal nodes

58
Q

how is lymph returned from the lymph nodes in the thyroid gland?

A
  • lymph is returned via right lymphatic duct to right venous angle
  • lymph is returned via the thoracic duct to left venous angle
59
Q

how would a classical thyroidectomy incision be made?

A
  • either a ‘collar incision’ is made within the natural skin crease or in direction of Langer’s lines
  • inciscion should be just superior to clavicles and jugular notch
  • the inciscion is made through skin and platysma
60
Q

what would an injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve cause?

A

-paralysis of vocal cord

61
Q

what would a unilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve cause?

A

-hoarseness or weakness of voice and weak cough

62
Q

what would a bilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve cause?

A

-aphonia (inability to produce sound) and inability to close rima glottidis (opening between vocal cords), to prevent aspiration, or to produce good cough which requires close of rima glottidis