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Y2-GI > Anatomy Overview 1 + 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Overview 1 + 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy (organs) of GI tract

A

(mouth), oesophagus, stomach, small + large intestine, anus

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2
Q

Oesophagus is what kind of tube

A

Muscular

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3
Q

How many constrictions does the oesophagus have + their names

A

3 - cervical, thoracic diaphragmatic

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4
Q

5 parts of the stomach (learn on diagram as well)

A

Cardia, fundus, body, antrum and pylorus

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5
Q

Pyloric Sphincter (part of stomach) function

A

Controls discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum

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6
Q

Stomach disease 3 examples

A

Congenital pyloric stenosis – Thickening of smooth muscle in the pylorus

Carcinoma (cancer) of the stomach

Gastric ulcers & Vagotomy

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7
Q

Foregut blood supply

A

Coeliac trunk

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8
Q

Origin of foregut blood supply (celiac trunk)

A

Abdominal aorta T12

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9
Q

Midgut consists of…

A

Distal half duodenum to proximal 2/3 transverse colon

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10
Q

What is the duodenum (+ describe its length and diameter)

A

Shortest, widest and most fixed part of the small intestine

First part of small intestine

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11
Q

Accessory organs of GI tract

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

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12
Q

Liver surface anatomy position

A

Lies deep to ribs 7-11 on right side

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13
Q

Biliary ducts carry bile from what organ to what

A

Liver to gallbladder

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14
Q

Pancreas is a digestive…

A

Gland

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15
Q

Spleen location (quadrant)

A

Left hypochondrium

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16
Q

Hepatic artery supplies what organs

A

Liver and gallbladder

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17
Q

What part of small intestine is the jejunum

A

Middle segment between duodenum and ileum

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18
Q

Celiac trunk (supplies foregut) branches into what 3 arteries

A

Left gastric artery
Common hepatic artery
Splenic artery

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19
Q

Jejunum v ileum wall

A

Jejunum - heavy and thick

Ileum - light and thin

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20
Q

Jejunum v ileum vascularity

A

Jejunum has greater vascularity

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21
Q

Jejunum v ileum vasa recta

A

Jejunum has longer vasa recta

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22
Q

Jejunum v ileum loops

A

Jejunum has a few large loops

Ileum has many short loops

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23
Q

Jejunum v ileum lymphoid nodules

A

Ileum has more

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24
Q

Jejunum v ileum fat in mesentery

A

Ileum has more fat

25
Blood supply to midgut
Superior mesenteric artery
26
Origin of midgut blood supply (superior mesenteric artery)
Branch of abdominal aorta at L1
27
Superior mesenteric artery is crossed anteriorly by what 2 things
Splenic vein and neck of pancreas
28
Name 4 branches of superior mesenteric artery (supplies midgut)
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery Jejunal and ileal arteries Middle and Right Colic artery Ileocolic artery
29
Hindgut consists of...
Distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part of anal canal
30
Blood supply to hindgut
Inferior mesenteric artery
31
Large distinguished from small intestine by what 3 things
Omental appendices Haustra or sacculations Teniae coli
32
Origin of hindgut blood supply (inferior mesenteric artery)
Anterior branch of abdominal aorta at L3
33
3 major branches of inferior mesenteric artery (supplies hindgut)
Left colic artery Sigmoid arteries superior rectal artery
34
Parasympathetic innervation of abdominal organs
CN X | Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
35
Sympathetic innervation of abdominal organs
T5-L2/L3 (abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves) Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia Abdominal aortic plexus
36
What vein takes part in venous drainage of the abdominal part of GI tract
Portal vein
37
Portal vein function
Collects poorly oxygenated but nutrient rich blood from the abdominal part of GI tract and carries it to liver
38
What duct drains lymph from from GI tract/abdomen
Thoracic duct
39
3 terminal groups of the lumbar nodes
Pre-aortic (celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric nodes) Lateral aortic Retro-aortic
40
What does the pre-aortic group (celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric nodes) of lumbar nodes drain
Drains organs supplied by the anterior branches of aorta, i.e. everything supplied by coeliac trunk, SMA and IMA
41
Difference between abdominal and peritoneal cavity
Abdominal cavity contains organs, peritoneal contains liquid
42
What is the peritoneum
A thin serious membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities
43
What type of epithelium is the peritoneum and how many layer of cells is it
Single cell squamous epithelial layer
44
Difference between parietal and visceral peritoneum
Parietal lines the abdominal wall and visceral lines the organs
45
Abdominal aorta level
T12 - L4
46
How may abdominal organs be peritonised
intraperitoneal/ on a mesentery | or retroperitoneal
47
What does 'on a mesentery' mean and would the organ be mobile or not
Means the organ is attached to the posterior abdominal wall indirectly via the mesentery (folded peritoneum) Organ is mobile
48
What does an organ being retroperitoneal mean and would the organ be mobile or not
It's fixed to the posterior abdominal wall, immobile | Covered by peritoneum anteriorly
49
Examples of retroperitoneal organs (11) ('SAD PUCKOR')
``` Suprarenal (adrenal) glands Abdo aorta Duodenum (2nd-4th part) Pancreas (except tail) Ureters Colon (ascending/descending) Kidneys Oesophagus Rectum ``` IVC Bladder
50
Examples of intraperitoneal organs (8)
Stomach, spleen, liver, 1st part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, and sigmoid colon
51
What are omenta
Double folds of peritoneum passing from the STOMACH to connect to other organs or the body wall
52
What are ligaments in the abdominal context
Varied double layers of peritoneum which span between organs and organs or body wall
53
How do peritonised organs get blood supply
Arterial branches travel between mesenteries or omenta to get to the organ
54
What is the flap of tissue called that connects the anterior surface of liver to the anterior abdominal wall and divides the liver into left and right lobes
Falciform ligament
55
What are the greater and lesser sacs linked by
Epiploic foramen
56
Portal triad consists of...
Hepatic artery Portal vien Bile duct
57
Pancreas is retroperitoneal except which part Colon has intra (2) and retroperitoneal (2) parts - which is which Duodenum has intra (1) and retroperitoneal (3) parts - which is which
Tail Ascending/descending colon - retroperitoneal Transverse/sigmoid - intraperitoneal 1st part duodenum - intraperitoneal 2nd-4th parts duodenum - retroperitoneal
58
The free edge of the falciform ligament of the liver is known as the + what is this a remnant of embryologically
``` ligament teres (round ligament) Umbilical vein ```

Y2-GI (8 decks)

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