Anatomy/Physiology

Question 1

Which of the following muscles passes through the greater sciatic foramen and along with sciatic nerve?

Answer 1

piriformis muscle.

Question 2

Pleuritic chest pain

Answer 2

characterized by sharp, localized, often severe pain that is exacerbated by coughing, breathing, or changing positions.

Question 3

Compression/inflammation of the diaphragmatic pleura carries pain through which nerve?

Answer 3

phrenic nerve C3-5; delivers motor innervation to diaphragm and carries pain fibers from diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleura; irritation will cause sharp pain worsened by inspiration to base of neck and over shoulders.

Question 4

Answer 4

Horseshoe kidney; fusion of kidneys at their lower poles; kidneys are unable to ascent to their normal position of T12-L3 because they are caught on the IMA

Question 5

rigor mortis

Answer 5

failure of muscle filaments to disengage results in persistent, diffuse muscle stiffening; mediated through a calcium and ATP dependent process known as cross riding; myosin head detachment from the actin filament

Question 6

Radial nerve injury (wrist drop) due to a mid-humerus fracture brings concern to injury of which artery?

Answer 6

Deep brachial artery

Question 7

neurogenic claudication

Answer 7

onset of pain with walking; can be due to spinal stenosis; can cause low extremity pain, weakness and numbness; symptoms are posture dependent (leaning relieves pain); can be caused by the hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum

Question 8

psoas sign

Answer 8

pain with extension of the hip; can be due to a posts abscess

Question 9

Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OSD)

Answer 9

common cause of knee pain in adolescents; due to overuse of quadriceps - knee extension; look for pain with running and hiking

Question 10

liver laceration

Answer 10

Question 11

cystic artery

Answer 11

Question 12

Diaphragmatic paralysis

Answer 12

the right phrenic nerve courses along the pericardium overlying the right side of the heart and is at risk for injury during procedures in or near the RA; right phrenic nerve injury is typically recognized by elevation of the right hemidiaphragm

Question 13

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

Answer 13

NMS is an adverse reaction to antipsychotic medication characterized by severe “lead-pipe” rigidity, hyperthermia, sympathetic hyperactivity, mental status changes; NMS is characterized by severe rigidity rather than the neuromuscular irritability (hyperreflexia, myoclonus) seen in serotonin syndrome

Question 14

LE lymphatic drainage

Answer 14

in the LEs the superficial lymphatic system is divided into medial and lateral tracks; the medial track runs up to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes bypassing the popliteal nodes; lesions on the medial foot cause inguinal lymphadenopathy, whereas lateral lesions are more likely to cause lymphadenopathy in both popliteal and inguinal areas

Question 15

pelvic autonomic nerves

Answer 15

the prostatic plexus (inferior hypogastric nerves plus pelvic and sacral splanchnic nerves) lies within the fascia of the prostate and innervates the corpus cavernous of the penis which facilitates penile erection; as a result prostatectomy or injury to the prostatic plexus can cause erectile dysfunction