Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Hematology > Anemia 2 > Flashcards

Anemia 2 Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What level of Hb defines anemia in adults (men, women, pregnant women)?

A

Men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common cause of B12 deficiency? Folate?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How long does it take for B12 deficiency to present? Folate?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the treatment for B12 deficiency? Folate?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the chemical released by the kidneys that stimulate bone marrow production of RBCs?

A

EPO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three measures that define anemia?

A

Low Hb
Low Hct
Low RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

High hb = ?

A

Polycythemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

HIgh HCT = ?

A

Polycythemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

High RBC count = ?

A

Thalassemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the equation for the absolute reticulocyte count?

A

(RBC count)*(% reticulocytes) /100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Under what number can reticulocytosis be excluded (for the reticulocyte count)?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three ways in which we classifty anemias?

A

Onset (acute vs chronic)
Pathophysiology
Morphology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two different categories of pathophysology for anemia?

A

Hyporoliferative

Proliferative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the usual cause of macrocytic anemia?

A

Defect in the maturation of RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Normocytic anemia is usually caused by what?

A

Decreased production or increased destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Micro or macrocytic anemia: iron deficiency?

A

Micro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Micro or macrocytic anemia: anemia of chronic disease

A

micro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Micro or macrocytic anemia: thalessemias?

A

Micro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Micro or macrocytic anemia: siderblastic anemia?

A

Micro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Micro or macrocytic anemia: B12 deficiency

A

Macro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Micro or macrocytic anemia: folic acid deficiency

A

Macro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Micro or macrocytic anemia: drug related?

A

macro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Micro or macrocytic anemia: hypothyroidism

A

Normo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Micro or macrocytic anemia: liver disease

A

Normo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Micro or macrocytic anemia: alcoholism
normo
26
Micro or macrocytic anemia: myelodysplastic syndrome
Normo
27
What are the three general causes of intrinsic hemolytic anemia?
Membrane defects Enzymatic defects Hemoglobinopathies
28
What are the three general causes of extrinsic hemolytic anemias?
Autoimmune Splenomegaly Infections
29
What is the PMN findings for megaloblastic anemias?
Hypersegmented neutrophils
30
What are the sources for B12? Folate?
``` B12 = meat Folate = green leafy vegetables ```
31
Where is B12 absorbed? Folate?
``` B12 = ileuem Folate = proximal jejunum ```
32
What are the daily requirements for B12?
1-3 mcg
33
What are the daily requirements of folate?
50-100 mcg
34
How long does it take to become folate deficient? B12?
``` Folate = 3-4 months B12 = 3-4 years ```
35
Which has a more rapid onset: B12 deficiency d/t malabsorption or dietary deficieny
Malabsorption
36
What are the two reactions that B12 is necessary in?
Methionine synthesis | Conversion of methylmalonic acid to succinyl-CoA
37
What intestinal disease is known to lead to B12 deficiency?
Crohn's
38
What are the two drugs that can lead to B12 deficiency?
Metformin | PPIs
39
B12 deficiency that presents a few weeks after birth = ?
Congential transcobalamin deficiency
40
B12 deficiency that presents at birth?
Congenital methylmalonic acidemia
41
Why are parethesias common in B12 deficiencies?
Demyelination
42
True or false: babinski's sign may be present with B12 deficiency
True
43
What happens to the reticulocyte count with B12 deficiencies?
Lower
44
What are the histological characteristics of PMNs in b12 deficiencies?
Hypersegmented (may lobes)
45
What is the treatment for B12 deficiency?
B12 1000mcg IM/SQ weekly, then monthly
46
What mineral must be monitored carefully during the treatment for B12 deficiency?
K (hypokalemia)
47
How long does it take Hb levels to return to normal following treatment with B12?
2 months
48
What causes the paresthesias with B12 deficiency?
Demyelination of the dorsal colums/ML pathways
49
Pts who have undergone what surgical procedure require B12 supplementation?
Gastrectomy
50
What is the most common cause of pernicous anemia?
Autoimmune attack against parietal cells
51
What are the tests for pernicous anemia now-a-days?
Parietal cell / IF antibody test
52
What would you expect gastric serum levels to be in a patient with pernicious anemia? Serum pepsinogen levels?
Gastrin high | Pepsinogen low
53
What would a biopsy of a stomch of a pt with pernicious anemia show?
Death of parietal cells, repalced with mucus cells
54
Borderline B12 levels is accompanied by what lab values in a pt with subclinical B12 deficiency?
Elevated Homocysteine /methylmalonic acid levels
55
What is the most common cause of folate deficiency anemia?
Inadequate dietary intake
56
Folate deficiency signs/symptoms are the same as B12, except for what?
B12 has neurological symptoms, while Folate does not
57
What are the signifiant lab findings with folate deficiency?
Low Hb | Low serum RBC/folate level
58
What is the methylmalonic acid level in pts with folate deficiency?
Normal
59
What is the treatment for folate deficiency?
1-5 mg/day oral folate
60
How long does it take for folate to reach normal levels?
8 weeks
61
What are the homocysteine levels in folate deficiency?
High
62
What are the two autoimmune causes of aplastic anemia?
idiopathic | SLE
63
What is the congenital cause of aplastic anemia?
Defected in telomere length maintenance
64
What are the toxins that can cause aplastic anemia? (3)
Benzene Toluene Insecticides
65
What is the virus that can cause aplastic anemia in the post-viral state?
Hepatitis
66
What treatment can cause aplastic anemia?
Chemotherapy
67
What are the CBC findings with aplastic anemia?
Panytopenia
68
What are the signs/symptoms of aplastic anemia? (4)
Immune suppression Fatigue Petechiae HSM
69
True or false: LA / bone pain can be symptoms of aplastic anemia
False-- think osteosarcoma if these are present
70
True or false: reticulocytoenia is always present with aplastic anemia
True
71
What is the test that you should always order for patients with aplastic anemia?
Bone marrow biopsy
72
What is the treatment for mild aplastic anemia? Severe?
Symptomatic treatment for mild Bone marrow transplant for severe
73
What are the methylmalonic acid levels in B12 deficiency? Folate deficiency?
``` b12 = high Foalte = low ```
74
What are the serum folate levels in folate deficiency? B12/
``` B12 = normal Folate = low ```
75
What are the CBC findings for aplastic anemia?
Pancytopenia

Hematology (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions