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Surgery lab Lecture > Anesthesia Exam > Flashcards

Anesthesia Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Canine HR

A

60-120

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2
Q

Feline HR

A

120-180

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3
Q

Equine HR

A

28-44

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4
Q

Ovine HR

A

70-90

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5
Q

Canine RR

A

10-30

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6
Q

Feline RR

A

20-40

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7
Q

Ovine RR

A

12-20

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8
Q

Canine SAP

A

90-140mmhg

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9
Q

Feline SAP

A

80-140mmhg

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10
Q

Equine SAP

A

118-168mmhg

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11
Q

canine DAP

A

50-80mmhg

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12
Q

Feline DAP

A

55-75mmhg

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13
Q

Equine DAP

A

118-168mmhg

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14
Q

Canine MAP

A

60-100 mmhg

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15
Q

Felline MAP

A

60-100 mmhg

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16
Q

Equine MAP

A

95-133 mmhg

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17
Q

Why do we measure BP

A

indrect measure of adequcy of perfusion

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18
Q

Three ways to measure BP

A

Direct; Catheter (horses) Indirect: Oscillometric & Doppler

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19
Q

Direct BP

A

INvasive catheter into artery provides beat by beat pressure values

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20
Q

Direct BP is reliable in which spp

A

large animals, not small

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21
Q

What is important to maintain when direct BP?

A

maintain Asepsis– IMPORTANT

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22
Q

which vessel do you use for direct bp in horses?

A

facial a

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23
Q

Oscillometric BP

A

vibrations in artieral wall, not from flow **translated to air in pressure cuff

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24
Q

Oscillometric BP gives you measurement for

A

systolic, Diastolic and Mean

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25
Q

Oscillometric BP less reliable in

A

smal patients movements and stress arrhythmias vasoconstriction **takes longer than doppler reading

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26
Q

which pressure is required to maintain adequate perfusion of kidneys?

A

SAP>80 mmhg

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27
Q

Hypotension SAP

A

<80 mmhg

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28
Q

Hypotension MAP

A

<60 mmhg

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29
Q

Effects of hypotension

A

ability of kidney to maintain adequate GFR cerebral perfusion compromised

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30
Q

Doppler BP

A

detection of return blood flow in artery

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31
Q

Doppler placement in dog

A

palmar digital artery

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32
Q

Doppler placement in sheep

A

median artery

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33
Q

Doppler placement in horse

A

tail

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34
Q

Doppler measures which pressure

A

systolic pressure only

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35
Q

What should you use with doppler?

A

ultrasound gel with probe

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36
Q

Doppler cuff is placed

A

proximal to doppler probe

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37
Q

Doppler cuff width

A

30-40% circumferrence of limb

38
Q

Doppler cuff is too big or tight

A

understimates

39
Q

Doppler cuff is too small or lose

A

overestimates

40
Q

Doppler disadvantages

A

unreliable for diastolic size adn palcement of cuff affects results underestimated systolic pressure in cats

41
Q

What are two ways to measure HR

A

Esophageal stethoscope ECG

42
Q

Why do we use ECG?

A

HR, Rhythm, morphology, cardiac oxygenation and electrolytes

43
Q

What are appropriate lead use for specific species?

A

Donkey/sheep Lead 1 small animal lead 2

44
Q

P wave

A

arterial depolarizaiton

45
Q

QRS wave

A

ventricular depolarizatin, artrial repolarization

46
Q

T wave

A

ventricuar repolarizatoin

47
Q

Depressed ST segment

A

ischemia

48
Q

Equine/Sheep placement: Base-apex sys

A

White: RA, R jugular furrow Black: LA, Ventral midline under apex of heart Red: LL, L flank

49
Q

capnograph measures

A

EtCO2 InCO2 –>rebreathing CO2

50
Q

Normal EtCo2

A

35-45 mmhg

51
Q

Capnograph monitors

A

breath by breath ventilation, apnea, respriation rate

52
Q

Capnograph i s used to assess

A

intubation (CO2 indicates intubation)

53
Q

CPR

A

monitors return circulation, rising

54
Q

Label the Graph

A

A-B: baseline

B-C: expiratory upstroke

C-D: Expiratory plateau

D: EtCO2 value

D-E: Inspiration begins

55
Q

Hypogentilation

A

not breathing enough

CO2 accumulation in bloodstream

Inc >45 mmhg

56
Q

Hyperventilation

A

blowign off too much CO2; dec i CO

Decreases <35 mmhg

ass with U-shaped S-wave; cardiac arrest

57
Q

Rebreathing capnograph Possible Causes

A

Faulty expieratory valave

inadequate insp valve

Malfunction of CO2 absorber

Partial rebreathign circuits

Insuffienct expiratory time

58
Q
A

hypoventilation capnograph

59
Q
A

Hyperventilation Capnograph

60
Q

What does Pulse Oximeter monitor?

A

Cardiovascular system

Pulmonary system

61
Q

What does Pulse oximeetary measure

A

reads pulsatile blood flow

SpO2- % of Hb saturated with oxygen

normal>95%

62
Q

Where can you use PUlse Oximeter?

A

mucus membranes

tongue, lip pinna, toe webs, vulva, prepuce, fol dof flank, fold of tail

63
Q

SaO2 and pO2

A

Hemoglobin staturation is directly related to arterial oxygen tension

64
Q

Decreased oxygen tension due to:

A

Acidosis

Hyperthermia

65
Q

Pulse Oximeter Results are affected by:

A

Tissue thickness

Hypoperfusion or vasoconstriction

anemia

pigment

66
Q

Altered Hb binding

A

Co poisoning

CN poisoning

Methemoglobinemia

67
Q

What are the 5 causes of Hypoxemia?

A
  1. Ventilation/perfusion V/Q mismatch
  2. Hypoventilation
  3. Low FiO2
  4. Right to left shunt
  5. Diffusion Impairment
68
Q

Blood Gas

A

Used to monitor respriatory efficiency by measuring level so fdissolved oxygena nd carbon dioxide in arterial blood

69
Q

Blood gas sample from which location in small animal

A

dorsal pedal artery

70
Q

Blood gas sample from which location in large animals

A

Facial artery**

transverse facial artery

auricular artery

71
Q

How do you know if you have an arterial sample?

A

SaO2>88%

72
Q

acidemia

A

ph<7.35

73
Q

alkalemia

A

ph> 7.45

74
Q

Base excess

A

Metabolic alkalosis

75
Q

Base deficit

A

metabolic acidosis

76
Q

hypoventilation

A

increased PaCO2

77
Q

hyperventilation

A

decrease PaCO2

78
Q

Hypoxemia

A

PaO2 <60mmhg

SpO2 < 90%

79
Q

If you had a high lactate how would you treat it?

A

Admin fluids

80
Q

How does body temperature effect anesthesia?

A

Prolonged Recovery times

Anesthetic requirements

81
Q

How do you tx hypothermia?

A

turn down/off vaporizer

give warm fluids

reduce skin exposure to air

turn on warmer

82
Q

How would you tx hyperthermia?

A

turn up vaporizer

give bolus fluids

place cold packs in inguinal areas

apply alcohol to food pads/ears

turn off warmer

83
Q

Oxygen Tank Calculation: Remaining oxygen in E cyclinder

A

Divide the cylinder psi by 3

84
Q

Calculate how many minutes of oxygen is left in the cylinder?

A

X liters/ flow liters per min

85
Q

Rebreathing Systems used in what size animals

A

>10 kg

86
Q

Nonrebreathing system is used in

A

animals less than 3 kg

87
Q

Rebreathign systems

A

Cricle Y hose- sheep

Universal F– donkey/small animal

88
Q

Nonrebreathing systems

A

Mapleson D

Mapleson F

89
Q

Rebreathig sys flow Rates

A

Start: high 50-100 mls/kg/min

Maint: 20-50 mls/kg/min

End: High 50-100 mls/kg/min

90
Q

nonrebreathing systems flow rate

A

200 mls/kg/min

91
Q

Reservoir bag size

A

TV= 10-20 mls/kg X 5

92
Q

If there is persistent leak, check the following:

A

CO2 canister (most common leak area)

Expiratory and inspiratory valaves

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Surgery lab Lecture (1 decks)

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