Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LAS - RUSS > Angular Limb Deformities, Flexural Deformities > Flashcards

Angular Limb Deformities, Flexural Deformities Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral deformity = ___

Medial deformity = ___

A

Valgus

Varus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F: Valgus deformity involves an outward rotation of the hoof.

A

F!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of Angular Limb Deformities

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
  1. Periarticular laxity
  2. Incomplete ossification of carpal bones
  3. Hypothyroidism
  4. Limb conformation (overloading or physeal trauma/infection)
  5. Multifactural
  6. Twins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Best ways to diagnose a angular limb deformity?

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Observation
  2. Limb manipulation
  3. Radiographs (long, narrow cassettes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How to manually determine the extent of laxity in a joint?

A

Place one had medially, and one on fetlock. Put pressure on both.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ideal radiographic view to examine foal carpus?

A

dorsopalmer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is a foal carpus more prone to angular limb deformities?

A

thick cartilage, round carpal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Regions most likely to have angular limb deformities in a foal:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Carpus
  2. Tarsus
  3. Metacarpo- or metatarsophalangeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Two possible places a pivot point can be located:

1.
2.

A
  1. Growth plate

2. Joint space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Best way to find a pivot point?

A

Geometric analysis using cellulose acetate overlay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Steps of using Cellulose acetate overlay to find a pivot point:

1.
2.
3. ________ or ______
4.

A
  1. radiograph
  2. trace bone outlines
  3. bisect long bone axis OR place lines through joint space
  4. measure angle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Conservative Treatment options for angular limb deformities:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Stall rest
  2. Hoof trimming
  3. External support via splint or cast
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Three options for surgical treatment of angular limb deformities:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Hemicircumferential periostal transection and elevation
  2. Growth retardation via screws + wires, or staples
  3. Corrective osteotomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: The idea behind Hemicircumferential periostal transection and elevation is growth retardation

A

F, it’s growth acceleration. You cut the periosteum to allow increased longitudinal growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Growth retardation via screws + wires, or staples as tx for angular limb deformities:

Monitor for how long?

If successfull growth retardation, remove when?

A
  1. 2-3 weeks

2. 3-6 weeks later when it’s straightened out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Corrective Ostectomy/osteotomy

two techniques:

1.
2.

A
  1. Closing wedge ostectomy

2. Step ostectomy in sagital OR frontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: Corrective osteoectomy is not an emergency surgery,

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F: A closing wedge osteoectomy involves taking a cut in the sagittal plane and again on the other side to remove a wedge.

A

F, that’s a step osteoectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Flexural deformity definition:

A

hyperflexion of a limb and results from disparity in length of the musculotendinous unit relative to bone length

20
Q

Acquired flexural deformities usually occur around what age?

A

6-18 months

21
Q

Possible etiologies of congenital flexural deformities:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A
  1. uterine malposition
  2. genetic patterns
  3. teratogenic agents
  4. mare nutrition
  5. viral/bacterial infection in mare
  6. mare goiter
  7. sudan grass ingestion
22
Q

Tissues that can be involved in a flexural deformity:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. SDFT
  2. DDFT
  3. Suspensory ligament
  4. joint capsule
23
Q

Conservative treatment options for flexural deformities:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. Exercise
  2. Shoeing
  3. splints
  4. oxytetracycline
  5. cast
24
Q

How do you know when exercise will no longer be effective as a tx method for flexural deformities?

A

when the hoof angle is becomes totally perpendicular

25
Q

Describe how shoeing can correct flexural deformities

A

extend the toe area, use dallmer glue on shoe

26
Q

Clinical signs of digital hyperextension:

1.
2.

A
  1. Toe elevated from the ground

2. sinking fetlock

27
Q

T/F:

Mild digital hyperextension can be described a dropped fetlock with the toe not yet elevated

A

T

28
Q

How does oxytetracycline allegedly help treat flexural deformities?

A

causes muscle relaxation via calcium binding

29
Q

For digital hyperextension, where would the incision be for a digital flexor tenotomy?

A

palmar midcarpal

30
Q

Aftercare for Digital flexor tenotomy as tx for digital hyperextension:

  1. after care method?
  2. recovery time?
  3. prognosis?
A
  1. Bandage
  2. 2 weeks
  3. good
31
Q

Acquired flexor tendon laxity:

Describe the pathogenesis?

A

Pain! Pain in the contralateral limb from OCD, arthritis, wounds, trauma.
Could also be prolonged external coaptation in the affected limb

32
Q

Most common sign of acquired flexor tendon laxity

A

dropped fetlock

33
Q

Effects of prolonged immobilization of a limb

1.
2.

A
  1. Weakening of soft tissue supporting structures (FLEXOR TENDONS, happens rapidly in foals)
  2. Articular laxity
34
Q

T/F: Reversing muscle atrophy takes as long as initial immobilization time

A

T

35
Q

T/F: Flexor tendon rupture has similar clinical signs to flexor tendon laxity

A

T

36
Q

What is the clinical sign that would indicate flexor tendon rupture instead of flexor tendon laxity

A

rupture below the fetlock

37
Q

You can treat flexor tendon rupture via shoeing with extended (toes/heels)

A

heels

38
Q

When can amputation be an option as a treatment for acquired flexural deformation?

A

if the diseased leg is in place, can the animal lie down on it’s own and get up on it’s own? If yes, you can assume that they will be fine.

39
Q

Best way to treat extensor tendon rupture?

A

put on a cast, work with a farrier to put toe extending shoes on

40
Q

Name the surgical procedure that removes stress from the SDFT and distributes it to the muscular portion of the SDF

A

superior check ligament desmotomy

41
Q

Clinical presentation of flexural deformity at distal interphalangeal joint

A

Club-foot or contracted tendons.

42
Q

Club foot:

2 pathogenesis?

A
  1. fast growing foals have bones that grow faster than tendons
  2. pain
43
Q

Clinical signs of Club Foot:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Boxy appearance
  2. growth at heels
  3. break in hoof pastern angle
  4. weight bearing on toe
44
Q

Conservative treatment options of flexural deformity at distal interphalangeal joint

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. controlled exercise
  2. nutrition/reduced intake
  3. trim heel
  4. toe extention
45
Q

Surgical treatment option of flexural deformity at distal interphalangeal joint

A

Inferior check ligament desmotomy

LAS - RUSS (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions