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Anatomy > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

The autonomic nervous system regulates the activity of what?

A
  • Smooth muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Certain glands
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2
Q

What structures are involved with the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • General visceral afferent neurons
  • General visceral efferent neurons
  • Integration centre in brain
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3
Q

How is the somatic nervous sytem different to the autonomic nervous system?

A

The somatic nervous system:

  • consciously perceives sensations
  • excitation of skeletal muscle
  • One neuron connects CNS to organ
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4
Q

How is the autonomic nervous sytem different to the somatic nervous system?

A

The autonomic nervous system:

  • Unconsciously perceived visceral sensations
  • Involuntary inhibition or excitation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or glandular secretion
  • Two neurons needed to connect CNS to organ (preganglionic and postganglionic neurons)
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5
Q

In the ANS two neurons are needed to connect the CNS to an organ. What are these called?

A
  • Preganglionic neuron

- Postganglionic neuron

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6
Q

Where is the cell body of a preganglionic neuron?

A

In the brain or spinal cord

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7
Q

Is the axon of a preganglionic neuron myelinated?

A

yes

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8
Q

What fibre type is the axon of a preganglionic neuron and where does it extend to?

A
  • Myelinated Type B fibre

- Extends to autonomic ganglion

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9
Q

Where is the cell body of a postganglionic neuron found?

A
  • Outside the CNS in an autonomic ganglion
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10
Q

What fibre type is the axon of a postganglionic neuron, and where does it terminate?

A
  • Unmyelinated type C fibre

- Terminates in visceral effector

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11
Q

Name the two divisions of the ANS.

A
  • Parasympathetic

- Sympathetic

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12
Q

Why is there duel innervation of organs by the divisions of the ANS?

A
  • One speeds organ up

- One slows organ down

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13
Q

In the sympathetic (thoraco-lumber) division of the ANS, where are the preganglionic cell bodies found?

A

Thoracic and first 2 lumber segments of spinal cord

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14
Q

What is another name for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Thoraco-lumber division of the ANS

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15
Q

In the parasympathetic (Cranio-sacral) division of the ANS, where are the pre-ganglionic cell bodies found?

A
  • Nuclei of 4 cranial nerves

- Sacral spinal cord

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16
Q

Where are sympathetic ganglia found?

A
  • Trunk (chain) ganglia near vertebral bodies
  • Prevertebral ganglia near large blood vessels of the
    gut
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17
Q

Name the 3 prevertebral ganglia found in the gut.

A
  • Celiac
  • Superior mesenteric
  • Inferior mesenteric
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18
Q

Where are parasympathetic ganglia found?

A
  • In the wall of organ
19
Q

Name the 6 autonomic plexuses.

A
  • Cardiac plexus
  • Pulmonary plexus
  • Celiac (Solar) plexus
  • Superior mesenteric ganglion
  • Inferior mesenteric ganglion
  • Hypogastric plexus
20
Q

Preganglionic cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system are found in which between which vertebra?

A

T1 to L2

21
Q

The Rami communicantes is made up of which two structures?

A
  • White Ramus

- Grey Ramus

22
Q

What sort of fibres does the white ramus contain?

A
  • Myelinated, preganglionic fibres
23
Q

What sort of fibres does the grey ramus contain?

A
  • Unmyelinated, postganglionic fibres
24
Q

Where are the postganglionic cell bodies found?

A
  • Sympathetic chain along spinal column

- prevertebral ganglia at a distance from spinal cord (celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia)

25
Q

Name the 3 prevertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system.

A
  • Celiac ganglion
  • Superior mesenteric ganglion
  • Inferior mesenteric ganglion
26
Q

There are 3 pathways that sympathetic fibres can take, name these.

A
  • Spinal nerve route
  • Sympathetic chain route
  • Collateral ganglion route
27
Q

How do fibres exit via the spinal nerve route?

A
  • Out at the same level
28
Q

How do fibres exit via the Sympathetic chain route?

A
  • Up chain and out spinal nerve
29
Q

How do fibres exit via the Collateral ganglion route?

A
  • Out splanchnic nerve to collateral ganglion
30
Q

What structures are innervated by each spinal nerve?

A
  • Sweat glands
  • Arrector pili muscles
  • Blood vessels to skin
  • Skeletal muscles
31
Q

What structures does the thoracic and cranial plexuses supply?

A
  • Heart
  • Lungs
  • Oesophagus
  • Thoracic blood vesels
  • Plexus around carotid artery to head structures
32
Q

What do the splanchnic nerves to the prevertebral ganglia supply?

A
  • GI tract from stomach to rectum
  • Urinary organs
  • Reproductive organs
33
Q

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic nervous system found?

A
  • 4 cranial nerve nuclei in brainstem

- S2 to S4 spinal cord

34
Q

Where are the postganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic nervous system found?

A
  • Near or in the wall of a target organ in a terminal ganglion
35
Q

Name the 4 parasympathetic cranial nerves.

A
  • Occulomotor nerve (CN III)
  • Facial nerve (CN VII)
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve (VIII)
  • Vagus nerve (X)
36
Q

What does the Occulomotor nerve innervate?

A
  • Ciliary ganglion in orbit

- Cilliary muscle and pupillary constrictor muscle inside eyeball

37
Q

What does the Facial nerve innervate?

A
  • Pterygopalatine ganglion
  • Submandibular ganglion
  • Tears, salivary and nasal secretions
38
Q

What does the Glossopharyngeal nerve innervate?

A
  • Otic ganglion supplies parotid salivary glands
39
Q

What does the Vagus nerve innervate?

A
  • Heart
  • Pulmonary
  • GI tract as far as midpoint of colon
40
Q

What nerves do the parasympathetic sacral nerve fibres form?

A
  • Pelvic splanchnic nerves
41
Q

Where do the preganglionic fibres of the parasympathetic sacral nerves terminate?

A
  • Terminal ganglia in walls of target organs
42
Q

What organs do the parasympathetic sacral nerve fibres innervate?

A
  • Smooth muscle and glands in:
  • Colon
  • Ureters
  • Bladder
  • Reproductive organs
43
Q

Nerves of the ANS are classified as cholinergic or adrenergic based upon the neurotransmitter released.
What neurotransmitter do Adrenergic neurones release?

A
  • Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
    (preganglionic - acetylecholine;
    Postganglionic - Norepinephrine)
44
Q

Nerves of the ANS are classified as cholinergic or adrenergic based upon the neurotransmitter released.
What neurotransmitter do cholinergic neurones release?

A
  • Acetylcholine (both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons)

Anatomy (17 decks)

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