Anterior & posterior axio-appendicular/ Scapulohumeral muscles

Question 1

What is the proximal attachment of the trapezius.

Answer 1

Proximal attachment: external occipital protuberance, nuchal line, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7- T12 vertebrae.

Question 2

What is the distal attachment of the trapezius.

Answer 2

Distal attachment: clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Question 3

What innervates the trapezius muscle.

Answer 3

Innervation: spinal accessory nerve (CN 11) -motor fibers. And C3, C4 spinal nerves -pain and proprioceptive fibers

Question 4

What is the muscle action of the trapezius muscle?

Answer 4

Descending part elevates; ascending part depresses; and middle part or all parts together retracts scapula; descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly.

Question 5

What is the proximal attachment of the supraspinatus?

Answer 5

Proximal attachment: supraspinous fossa of scapula

Question 6

What is the distal attachment of the supraspinatus?

Answer 6

Distal attachment: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 7

What innervates the supraspinatus muscle?

Answer 7

Innervation: suprascapular nerve (C4, C5,C6)

Question 8

What is the muscle action of the supraspinatus?

Answer 8

Muscle action: initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles.

Question 9

What is the proximal attachment of the infraspinatous?

Answer 9

Proximal attachment: infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Question 10

What is the distal attachment of the infraspinatus?

Answer 10

Distal attachment: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 11

What innervates the infraspinatus muscle?

Answer 11

Innervation: suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

Question 12

What is the muscle action of the infraspinatus muscle?

Answer 12

Muscle action: laterally rotates arm; and acts with rotator cuff muscles

Question 13

What is the proximal attachment of the levator scapulae?

Answer 13

Proximal attachment: transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

Question 14

What is the distal attachment of the levator scapulae?

Answer 14

Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine

Question 15

What nerve innervates the levator scapulae?

Answer 15

Innervation: dorsal scapular (C4,C5) and cervical nerves (C3,C4)

Question 16

What is the muscle action of the levator scapulae?

Answer 16

Muscle action: elevates scapula and rotates it’s glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating the scapula

Question 17

What is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid minor?

Answer 17

Proximal attachment: nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T1 vertebrae

Question 18

What is the distal attachment of the rhomboid minor?

Answer 18

Distal attachment: triangular area at medial end of scapular spine

Question 19

What nerve innervates the rhomboid minor and major?

Answer 19

Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4,C5)

Question 20

What is the muscle action of the rhomboid minor and major?

Answer 20

Muscle action: retracts scapula and rotates it’s glenoid cavity inferiorly, fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall

Question 21

What is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid major?

Answer 21

Proximal attachment: spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae

Question 22

What is the distal attachment of the rhomboid major?

Answer 22

Distal attachment: medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle

Question 23

What is the proximal attachment of the teres minor?

Answer 23

Proximal attachment: middle part of lateral border of scapula

Question 24

What is the distal attachment of the teres minor?

Answer 24

Distal attachment: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 25

What nerve innervates the teres minor?

Answer 25

Innervation: axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Question 26

What is the muscle action of the teres minor?

Answer 26

Muscle action: laterally rotates arm, and acts with rotator cuff muscles

Question 27

What is the proximal attachment of the teres major?

Answer 27

Proximal attachment: posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula

Question 28

What is the distal attachment of the teres major?

Answer 28

Distal attachment: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Question 29

What nerve innervates the teres major?

Answer 29

Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

Question 30

What is the muscle action of the teres major?

Answer 30

Muscle action: adducts and medially rotates arm

Question 31

What is the proximal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 31

Proximal attachment: spinous process of T6-T12 vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs.

Question 32

What is the distal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 32

Distal atachment: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus.

Question 33

What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 33

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)

Question 34

What is the muscle action of the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 34

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises body toward arms during climbing.

Question 35

What is the proximal attachment of the pectoralis major?

Answer 35

Clavicle, sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscles.

Question 36

What is the distal attachment of the pectoralis major?

Answer 36

Lateral lip of thr intertubercular sulcus of humerus.

Question 37

What nerve innervates the pectoralis major?

Answer 37

Lateral (C5,C6, C7) and medial (C8,T1) pectoral nerves.

Question 38

What is the muscle action of the pectoralis major?

Answer 38

Adducts and medially rotates humerus, draw scapula anteriorly and inferiroly.

Question 39

What is the proximal attachment of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 39

3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages.

Question 40

What is the distal attachment of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 40

Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula.

Question 41

What nerve innervates the pectoralis minor?

Answer 41

Medial pectoral nerve (C8,T1)

Question 42

What is the muscle action of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 42

Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall.

Question 43

What is the proxiaml attachment of the subclavius?

Answer 43

Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage

Question 44

What is the distal attachment of the subclavius?

Answer 44

Clavicle

Question 45

What nerve innervates the subclavius muscle?

Answer 45

Nerve to subclavius (C5,C6)

Question 46

What is the muscle action of the subclavius?

Answer 46

Anchors and depresses clavicle

Question 47

What is the proximal attachment of the serratus anterior?

Answer 47

1st-8th ribs

Question 48

What is the distal attachment of the serratus anterior?

Answer 48

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Question 49

What nerve innervates the serratus anterior?

Answer 49

Long thoracic nerve (C5,C6,C7)

Question 50

What is the muscle action of the serratus anterior?

Answer 50

Protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall, rotates scapula

Question 51

What is the proximal attachment of the biceps brachii?

Answer 51

Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula | Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Question 52

What is the distal attachment of the biceps brachii?

Answer 52

Tuberosity of radius and fasica of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Question 53

What nerve innervates the biceps brachii?

Answer 53

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6,C7)

Question 54

What is the muscle action of the biceps brachii?

Answer 54

Supinates forearm and flexes forearm, short head resists dislocation of shoulder

Question 55

What is the proximal attachment of the coracobrachialis?

Answer 55

Tip of coracoid process of scapula

Question 56

What is the distal attachment of the coracobrachialis?

Answer 56

Middle third of medial surface of humerus

Question 57

What nerve innervates the coracobrachialis muscle?

Answer 57

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6,C7)

Question 58

What is the muscle action of the coracobrachialis?

Answer 58

Helps flex and adduct arm, resists dislocation of shoulder

Question 59

What is the proximal attachment of the brachialis?

Answer 59

Anterior surface of the humerus

Question 60

What is the distal attachment of the brachialis?

Answer 60

Coronoid process and tuberoisty ulna

Question 61

What nerve innervates the brachialis?

Answer 61

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6) and radial nerve (C5,C7)

Question 62

What is the muscle action of the brachialis?

Answer 62

Flexes forearm in all positions

Question 63

What is the proximal attachment of the triceps brachii?

Answer 63

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove. Medial head: posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove

Question 64

What is the distal attachment of the triceps brachii?

Answer 64

Proximal end of olrecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

Question 65

What nerve innervates the triceps brachii?

Answer 65

Radial nerve (C6,C7.C8)

Question 66

What is the muscle action of the triceps brachii?

Answer 66

Chief extensor of forearm; long head resists dislocation of humerus; especially important during adduction

Question 67

What is the proximal attachment of the aconeus?

Answer 67

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 68

What is the distal attachment of the aconeus?

Answer 68

Lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna

Question 69

What nerve innervates the aconeus?

Answer 69

Radial nerve (C7,C8,T1)

Question 70

What is the muscle action of the aconeus?

Answer 70

Assists triceps in extending forearm, stabilizes elbow joint