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BDS3 Head & Neck Anatomy > Anterior Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

borders of anterior triangle

A

inferior border of mandible
anterior border of SCM
midline of neck

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2
Q

roof and floor of anterior triangle

A

roof: deep investing fascia around muscles
floor: pretracheal fascia and carotid sheath (posterolaterally)

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3
Q

subdivisions of anterior triangle

A

submandibular
submental
carotid
omotracheal

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4
Q

what is in submandibular triangle

A

submandibular gland, lymph nodes, part of hypoglossal nerve (CN VII), mylohyoid nerve, parts of facial artery and vein

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5
Q

what is in submental triangle

A

submental lymph nodes, small veins that unite to form anterior jugular vein

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6
Q

what is in the carotid triangle

A

parts of thyroid gland, larynx & pharynx, common and internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve

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7
Q

what is in omotracheal triangle

A

sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles, larger part of thyroid and parathyroid glands

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8
Q

where are the suprahyoid muscles found

A

located superiorly to the hyoid bone

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9
Q

what do suprahyoid muscles connect to

A

connect to the skull / mandible as well as the hyoid

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10
Q

what are the suprahyoid muscles

A

mylohyoid
digastric (right & left)
stylohyoid
geniohyoid

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11
Q

where are the infrahyoid muscles found

A

located inferiorly to the hyoid bone

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12
Q

what do the infrahyoid muscles attach to

A

attach to sternum , scapula and thyroid cartilage also hyoid bone but there is 1 exception

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13
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid

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14
Q

which infra / suprahyoid muscle does not attach to the hyoid

A

sternothyroid

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15
Q

group function of suprahyoid muscles

A

to raise the hyoid during swallowing & to elevate the pharynx during tone production

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16
Q

origin and insertion of mylohyoid

A

origin - mylohyoid line on the mandible
insertion - body of hyoid

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17
Q

action of mylohyoid

A

to elevate the hyoid & floor of the mouth

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18
Q

digastric muscle origin & insertion

A

right & left digastric each have an anterior & posterior belly
anterior - originates at lower medial aspect of mandible
posterior - originates on medial side of mastoid process
insertion of both is the hyoid bone

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19
Q

function of anterior belly of digastric muscle

A

raises the hyoid & opens mouth by lowering the mandible

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20
Q

function of posterior belly of digastric

A

elevates and retracts the hyoid bone

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21
Q

innervation of mylohyoid & anterior belly of digastric

A

CN V3 inferior alveolar branch known as nerve to mylohyoid

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22
Q

innervation of posterior belly of digastric

A

digastric branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

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23
Q

origin and insertion of stylohyoid

A

origin: styloid process of skull
insertion: body of hyoid from lateral side

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24
Q

function of stylohyoid

A

to elevate hyoid in posterosuperior direction

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25
innervation of stylohyoid
via facial nerve CN VII
26
origin and insertion of geniohyoid
origin: mandible insertion: body of hyoid superiorly to mylohyoid
27
innervation of geniohyoid
anterior ramus of C1 which travels with hypoglossal nerve CN XII
28
function of geniohyoid
if mandible is fixed - elevates + moves hyoid in a forwards direction if hyoid is fixed - acts to pull mandible down and inwards
29
group function of infrahyoid muscles
depress or fix hyoid bone & provide attachment for suprahyoid muscles
30
what 2 planes can infrahyoid muscles be separated into
1. superficial - sternohyoid & omohyoid 2. deep - sternothyroid & thyrohyoid
31
origin and insertion of sternohyoid
origin: posterior surface of sternoclavicular joint insertion: body of hyoid medially
32
action of sternohyoid
acts to depress hyoid after it has been elevated for swallowing
33
how are superior & inferior omohyoid bellies connected
by an intermediate tendon
34
origin & insertion of superior belly of omohyoid
origin: intermediate tendon insertion: laterally into body of hyoid
35
innervation of superior belly of omohyoid
superior root of ansa cervicalis (C1)
36
action of superior belly of omohyoid
depresses and stabilises hyoid
37
origin & insertion of inferior belly of omohyoid
origin: superior border of the scapula insertion: laterally into hyoid bone
38
innervation of inferior belly of omohyoid
the ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
39
action of inferior belly of omohyoid
depresses and stabilises hyoid
40
origin & insertion of thyrohyoid
origin: oblique line on thyroid cartilage insertion: greater horn + adjacent body of hyoid
41
action of thyrohyoid
depresses the hyoid. if hyoid is fixed it can raise the larynx
42
innervation of thyrohyoid
branch from anterior rami of C1
43
sternothyroid origin & insertion
origin: posterior surface of manubrium insertion: oblique line of thyroid cartilage (where thyrohyoid originates)
44
innervation of sternothyroid
ansa cervicalis
45
action of sternothyroid
acts to draw larynx downwards
46
innervation of sternohyoid
ansa cervicalis
47
arterial supply of thyroid gland
superior thyroid artery - 1st branch of external CA inferior thyroid artery - branch of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian
48
venous drainage of thyroid gland
superior thyroid vein (into IJV) middle thyroid vein (into IJV) inferior thyroid vein (into brachiocephalic vein)
49
venous drainage of parathyroid glands
same as thyroid i.e. superior / middle / inferior thyroid veins
50
arterial supply of parathyroid glands
inferior thyroid artery
51
endocrine regulation of thyroid is via
pituitary gland
52
what nerves are found on the posteromedial aspect of the thyroid
right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves
53
where do the RRL & LRL arise from
vagus nerve from inferior part of neck
54
where does RRL go
loops to the right subclavian artery at T1-T2 level
55
where does LRL go
loops inferior to the arch of the aorta around T4-T5 level
56
boundaries of carotid triangle
superior belly of omohyoid posterior belly of digastric anterior border of SCM
57
carotid sheath runs from where to where
from foramen of carotid canal to aortic arch
58
contents of carotid triangle
common carotid artery internal carotid artery part of external carotid artery IJV CN X
59
common carotid artery splits into
internal and external carotid artery
60
what level is bifurcation of CCA
c3 - c4
61
right common carotid artery branches from where
branches from brachiocephalic trunk
62
left common carotid artery branches from where
direct branch from aortic arch
63
what is the carotid sinus
dilation at bifurcation of ICA containing baroreceptors
64
function of carotid sinus
monitor and react to changes in blood pressure
65
innervation of carotid sinus
CN IX (glossopharyngeal) via carotid sinus nerve and CN X (vagus)
66
what is the carotid body
small reddish brown ovoid mass on medial side of bifurcation of CCA near carotid sinus
67
function of carotid body
monitors and responds to blood O2, CO2, pH & temperature
68
ECA terminates by
dividing into 2 branches: 1. maxillary artery 2. superficial temporal artery
69
what 6 arteries arise from ECA
superior thyroid ascending pharyngeal occipital lingual facial posterior auricular
70
ECA supplies vs ICA supplies
ICA - enters cranium through carotid canals and becomes main arteries of brain ECA - supplies structures external to cranium
71
IJS drains what
blood from brain, skull, face, cervical viscera and deep muscles of neck
72
3 things of note about IJV
1. continuation of sigmoid sinus in posterior cranial fossa 2. exits skull via jugular foramen and enters carotid sheath 3. runs lateral to CCA
73
inferior bulb of IJV
has a bicuspid valve which permits blood flow to the heart while preventing back flow into the vein if one were inverted
74
superior bulb of IJV
dilation at origin of IJV which is where the inferior petrosal sinus enters after it has left the cranium through the jugular foramen
75
which infrahyoid muscle runs across the IJV
omohyoid
76
where does IJV exit skull and where does it go
exits at jugular foramen and enters the carotid sheath
77
what happens when IJV reaches the sternoclavicular joint
it merges with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic trunk
78
what 2 veins join to form external jugular vein
1. posterior auricular vein 2. retromandibular vein (posterior division)
79
what veins drain into EJV
posterior external jugular transverse cervical suprascapular anterior jugular
80
what muscle does EJV cross and where does it then go
crosses over SCM to pierce investing fascia and drain into subclavian vein
81
5 terminal branches of the facial nerve
1. temporal 2. zygomatic 3. buccal 4. marginal mandibular 5. cervical
82
what cranial nerves exit the jugular foramen
IX, X, XI
83
what does CN XI innervate in the neck
SCM & trapezius
84
what does CN XII supply
4/5 extrinsic muscles of the tongue - there are no branches to the anterior triangle of the neck

BDS3 Head & Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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