Antibiotics advantages/ disadvantages Flashcards

1
Q

amoxicillin

A
\+cheap
\+suspesnion has better taste than penicillin
\+well tolerated
\+pregancy class B
-narrow spectrum
-inferior cure rates for  UTIs
-resistance is common
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2
Q

amoxicillin/clavulanate

A

+ bprad pectrum, covers B frag

  • does not cover CAPES
  • more GI side effects than amoxicillin
  • more expensive
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3
Q

trimethprim/sulfamethoxazole

A
\+covers H PEKCES
\+cheap
\+covers CA-MRSA
\+PO
-photosensitivity
-current increased in E.Coli Resistance, does not cover pseudomonas 
-Does not cover st. pyogenes
-hypersensitivity/rash
-nephrotoxicity
-bone marrow suppression
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4
Q

doxycycline

A
\+covers H.influ, moraxella, S. Pneumo
\+cheap, PO
\+well tolerated
\+good bioavailability
\+covers atypicals, s.pneumo, h.flu
-not for pediatric patients
-limited published data
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5
Q

tigecycline

A

+active against MRSA
+broad coverage
-expensive
-poorly tolearted

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6
Q

azithromycin

A

+suspension taste better than penicillin
+short course
+broad spectrum
-more expensive

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7
Q

clarithromycin

A

+broader spectrum

  • drug drug interactions
  • more expensive
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8
Q

erythromycin

A

+for penacillin allergic patients

  • poor GI tolerance
  • drug interatctions
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9
Q

cefuroxime

A

+good coverage of H.influ, moraxella
+ok coverage for S. pneumo
-expensive

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10
Q

cephalexin

A

+safe in pregnancy

-expensive

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11
Q

cefpodoxime

A

+good coverage of H.influ, moraxella
+ok coverage for S. pneumo
-expensive

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12
Q

levofloxacin

A
\+broadest spectrum of fluroquinolones
\+covers pseudomonas aeroginosa
\+well tolerated 
\+good bioavailability
-DDIs: cations and p450
-not for pediatrics
-expensive
-increasing resistance of E. Coli
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13
Q

moxifloxacin

A
\+well tolerated
\+good bioavailability
-DDI's: cations and P450
-does not cover pseudomonas
-does not concentrate well in the urine
-not for pediatrics
-expensive
-increasing resistance of E.Coli
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14
Q

penicillin VK

A

+narrowest spectrum

+cheap

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15
Q

penicillin G benzathine

A

+good if compliance a problem

-IM painful

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16
Q

ceftriaxone

A
\+ safe in pregnancy
\+excellent coverage of PEK
\+low rates of resistance
-broad spectrum
-IM painful
-hypersensitivity reactions
17
Q

telithromycin

A
  • covers CAP pathogens
  • high rates of hepatotoxicity
  • expensive
18
Q

clindamycin

A

+good coverage for CA-MRSA
+good oral bioavailability
-potential cross resistance with macrocodes
-rash
-GI symptoms
Serous: pseudomembranous enterocolitis, increased LFTs
-BBW C. Dificile diarrhea

19
Q

metronidazole

A

+less expensive than vancomycin oral capsules

  • nausea/v/
  • HA
  • peripheral neuropaty
  • disulfiram like reaction with ETOH
  • metallic taste
  • BBW carcinogenic in mice and rats
20
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A
\+ good concentation in the urine
\+covers pseudomonas aeroginosa
\+well tolerated 
\+good bioavailability
-DDIs: cations and p450
-not for pediatrics
-expensive
-increasing resistance of E.coli
-does not concentrate well in the lungs
21
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

+narrow spectrum of activty covering most gram +/- pathogens from the urnie
+lower rates of resistnache even with long-term therapy
+covers enterococcus
-requires multiple daily dosing
-not to be used as short course tehrapy
-ineffeictive and increased toxicity if ClCr< 50ml/min
-cannot be used in upper urinary tract ifnectiosn
-does not achieved adequate systemic concentrations
-Can only be used for UTIs

22
Q

Ampicillin

A
\+cheap
\+well tolerated
\+pregancy class B
-narrow spectrum
-inferior cure rates for  UTIs
-resistance is common
-not for empiric UTI coverage
23
Q

fosfomycin

A
\+single pill treatemtn for uncomplicated cystitis 
\+pregnancy category B
\+ lower rates ofresistance 
\+Covers PEK
\+coveres enterococcus inc VRE
-less effeications out hat SMX/TMP
-does not cover S. Saprophyticus
-inc AE: hA, N/D
-Difficult to acqurie
-Expensive
24
Q

ceftazidime

A

+covers pseudomonas

25
Q

cefepime

A

+covers pseudomonas

26
Q

ceftaroline

A

+covers pseudomonas

27
Q

piperacillin/tazobactam

A

+covers CPES organinisms, not A

28
Q

imipenem/cilastin

A

+covers pseudomonas

-highes risk of seizures in carbapenems

29
Q

meropenem

A

+covers pseudomonas

-risk of seizures

30
Q

doripenem

A

+covers pseudomonas

-risk of seizures, least

31
Q

aztreonam

A

+covers pseudomonas
+covers almost all gram -
-does not cover B. fragilis

32
Q

gentamicin

A
\+great gram - coverage, including CAPES
\+low rates of resistance
\+high urine concentration
-nephrotoxic (acute tubular necrosis)
-ototoxicity (tinnitus)
-no gram + coverage
33
Q

tobramycin

A
\+great gram - coverage
\+low rates of resistance
\+high urine concetnration
-nephrotoxic (acute tubular necrosis)
-ototoxicity (tinnitus)
-no gram + coverage
34
Q

amikacin

A
\+great gram - coverage
\+low rates of resistance
\+high urine concetnration
-nephrotoxic (acute tubular necrosis)
-ototoxicity (tinnitus)
-no gram + coverage
35
Q

Linezolid

A

+covers MRSA, covers all gram + except listeria

-Expensive