antibiotics (final sg) Flashcards
(11 cards)
three uses of antibiotics
➺ empiric: usually the “best guess”, or a broad spectrum antibiotic used when the type of bacteria causing infection is unknown
➺ definitive: an antibiotic chosen specifically to combat the patient’s known disease or bacteria
➺ prophylactic: preventive use of antibiotics to avoid superinfection
sulfonamides
➺ bacterioSTATIC, broad spectrum against gram + / - organisms
moa: intefere with bacterial synthesis of folic acid
➺ contra: allergy, pregnant women, infants < 2 months
➺ should be taken with 8 oz of water
➺ adverse effects: photosensitivity, SJ syndrome, hepato + nephrotoxicity, GI issues
➺ interactions: warfarin, phenytoin, oral contraceptives, hypoglycemic treatments
bactrim (SMX-TMP)
➺ combination of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim
➺ indication: UTI, RTI, prophylactic + treatment of opportunistic infections with HIV patients, community MRSA
tetracyclines
➺ *think -CYCLINE
➺ bacterioSTATIC against gram + / - organisms, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma organisms
moa: inhibit bacterial protein thinking by binding to 30s ribosome
➺ contra: allergy, pregnant / nursing women, children < 8 years old
➺ adverse effects: discoloration of permanent teeth + enamel, fetal disturbances, photosensitivity, diarrhea, vaginal candidiasis, etc.,
➺ indication: treat acne in adolescents, spirochetal infections (Lyme disease + syphilis), and pelvic inflammatory disease
➺ interactions: absorption RED. with antiacids, antidiarrheal, diary, calcium, enteral feedings, iron
democlocyline
➺ unique effect that inhibits action of ADH; treats syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH
doxyclycline
➺ prevent and treat anthrax and malaria
tigecycline
➺ “glycylcycline”
➺ indicated for MRSA and vancomycin-sensitive Entercoccus faecalis, complicated intrabdominal infections, community associated pneumonia
➺ adverse effects: NV
quinolones
➺ *think -FLOXACIN
➺ bacterioCIDAL against mostly gram - and some gram + organisms
moa: alters bacterial DNA
➺ indications: UTI, RTI, GI infection, skin + bone + joint infection
➺ contra: allergy, not recommended for prepubescent children
➺ adverse effects: *BLACK BOX for increased risk of tendonitis / tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects, exacerbation of myasthenia gravis
➺ interactions: absorption RED. with antiacids, calcium, magnesium, iron, calcium, zinc, sucralfate, probonecid, nitrofurantoin, anticoagulants
ciprofloxacin
➺ kills Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Mycobacterium
➺ TREATMENT OF CHOICE for anthrax! (Bacillus anthracis infection)
levofloxacin
➺ one of the most widely used quinolones because of broad spectrum activity
➺ once daily dosing, promotes medication adherence
vancomycin
➺ bacterioCIDAL against many gram + bacteria
moa: binds to bacterial cell wall, immediately inhibiting cell wall synthesis
➺ indications: MRSA!!! PO pill is indicated for antibiotic C. diff and treatment of staphylococcus enterocolitis
➺ contra: known hypersensitivity, renal dysfunction, hearing loss, older adults, neonates
➺ adverse effects: nephrotoxicity, red man syndrome
