Antidiabetic agents Flashcards
(51 cards)
diazoxide functions (3)
directly inhibit insulin secretion
decreased peripheral glucose utilization
increased hepatic glucose production
diazoxide drug type (3 things)
non-diuretic thiazide
vasodilator
hyperglycemic
sulfonylureas MOA (2)
stimulate insulin release from pancreatic B-cells
indirectly potentiate action of insulin on target tissues
Tolbutamine, Chlorpropamide, Tolzamide drug class
Sulfonylureas 1st gen
sulfonylureas adverse effects (3)
renal disease
hepatic dysfunction
weight gain
sulfonylureas contraindications
renal disease
hepatic dysfunction
sulfa
tolbutamide (2 special characteristics)
rapid
safest in the elderly
chlorpropamide (2 special things)
disulfram-like effect
worst hypoglycemia
1st gen sulfonylureas (3)
Tolbutamide
Chlorpropamide
Tolzamide
Glyburide, Gliphizide, Glimepiride
drug class
2nd gen sulfonylureas
2nd gen sulfonylureas (3)
Glyburide
Glipizide
Glimepiride
Glyburide
worst hypoglycemia
Glipizide (special characteristic)
least hypoglycemia of 2nd gens
Glimepiride (2)
daily dosing
smaller hypoglycemic effect
meglitinides (2)
Repaglinide (Prandin)
Nateglinide (Starlix)
Repaglinide & Nateglinide drug class
Meglitinides
meglitinides MOA
binds to receptors on K+ channels on B-cells —> increased insulin release
meglitinides effects (3)
decreased postprandial glucose
rapid/short action
decreased HbA1c
meglitinides administration (3)
oral
preprandial administration
peak effect at 1 hour
meglitinides cautions/contraindications (3)
not used w/ sulfonylureas
caution w/ liver impairment
hypoglycemia
Metformin (Glucophage) actions (4)
increased glucose uptake (increased insulin action)
decreased glucose absorption from the GI
decreased glucagon
decreased gluconeogenesis
Metformin bonus effects (3)
dereased plasma TGs
no weight gain
decreased macrovascular events
Metformin adverse effects (3)
lactic acidosis
crazy diarrhea
n/v
metformin contraindications
Lactic Acidosis conditions: renal/hepatic disease, alcoholism tissue hypoxia (CHF, COPD)