Antidiabetic agents Flashcards

(51 cards)

0
Q

diazoxide functions (3)

A

directly inhibit insulin secretion
decreased peripheral glucose utilization
increased hepatic glucose production

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1
Q

diazoxide drug type (3 things)

A

non-diuretic thiazide
vasodilator
hyperglycemic

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2
Q

sulfonylureas MOA (2)

A

stimulate insulin release from pancreatic B-cells

indirectly potentiate action of insulin on target tissues

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3
Q

Tolbutamine, Chlorpropamide, Tolzamide drug class

A

Sulfonylureas 1st gen

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4
Q

sulfonylureas adverse effects (3)

A

renal disease
hepatic dysfunction
weight gain

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5
Q

sulfonylureas contraindications

A

renal disease
hepatic dysfunction
sulfa

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6
Q

tolbutamide (2 special characteristics)

A

rapid

safest in the elderly

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7
Q

chlorpropamide (2 special things)

A

disulfram-like effect

worst hypoglycemia

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8
Q

1st gen sulfonylureas (3)

A

Tolbutamide
Chlorpropamide
Tolzamide

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9
Q

Glyburide, Gliphizide, Glimepiride

drug class

A

2nd gen sulfonylureas

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10
Q

2nd gen sulfonylureas (3)

A

Glyburide
Glipizide
Glimepiride

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11
Q

Glyburide

A

worst hypoglycemia

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12
Q

Glipizide (special characteristic)

A

least hypoglycemia of 2nd gens

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13
Q

Glimepiride (2)

A

daily dosing

smaller hypoglycemic effect

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14
Q

meglitinides (2)

A

Repaglinide (Prandin)

Nateglinide (Starlix)

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15
Q

Repaglinide & Nateglinide drug class

A

Meglitinides

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16
Q

meglitinides MOA

A

binds to receptors on K+ channels on B-cells —> increased insulin release

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17
Q

meglitinides effects (3)

A

decreased postprandial glucose
rapid/short action
decreased HbA1c

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18
Q

meglitinides administration (3)

A

oral
preprandial administration
peak effect at 1 hour

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19
Q

meglitinides cautions/contraindications (3)

A

not used w/ sulfonylureas
caution w/ liver impairment
hypoglycemia

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20
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) actions (4)

A

increased glucose uptake (increased insulin action)
decreased glucose absorption from the GI
decreased glucagon
decreased gluconeogenesis

21
Q

Metformin bonus effects (3)

A

dereased plasma TGs
no weight gain
decreased macrovascular events

22
Q

Metformin adverse effects (3)

A

lactic acidosis
crazy diarrhea
n/v

23
Q

metformin contraindications

A
Lactic Acidosis conditions: renal/hepatic disease, alcoholism
tissue hypoxia (CHF, COPD)
24
thiazolidinediones/TZDs (2)
Pioglitazone (Actos) | Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
25
Pioglitazone (Actos) & Rosiglitazone (Avandia) | drug class
TZDs
26
TZD MOA (3)
insulin sensitizers insulin-mimetic action via ligands of the nuclear PPAR receptor increase glucose transporter synthesis in adipose
27
TZD effects (3)
decreased insulin resistance long term TG decrease slight increase in HDL
28
TZD special use
prophylactic for type 2 diabetes
29
TZD that is contraindicated in hx MI or angina
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
30
TZD adverse effects (5)
``` edema weight gain back pain fatigue headache ```
31
a-glucosidase inhibitors (2)
Acarbose (Precose) | Miglitol (Glyset)
32
Acarbose (Precose) & Miglitol (Glyset) | drug class
a-glucosidase inhibitors
33
a-glucosidase inhibitor MOA & effect
inhibit a-glucosidases in small intestine ---> delayed carbohydrate digestion & absorption ---> reduced glucose absorption
34
a-glucosidase results (4)
decreased postprandial glucose minimal effects of fasting glucose decreased HA1c no weight effects
35
adverse effects of a-glucosidase inhibitors (3)
GI- farting!! increased hepatic enzymes jaundice
36
a-glucosidase inhibitor contraindications (3)
GI disease hepatic disease renal impairment
37
incretin mimetic MOA and effects (3)
resistant to degradation by DPP-IV increased insulin decreased glucagon release decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis
38
incretin mimetics (3)
Exenatide (Byetta) Liraglutide (Victoza) Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
39
Exenatide (Byetta), Liraglutide (Victoza), Dulaglutide (Trulicity) drug class & MOA
incretin mimetics | resistant to degradation by DPP-IV
40
incretin mimetics effects on diabetes (3)
decreased postprandial & fasting glucose increased B-cell number & function slows gastric emptying ---> weight loss
41
Exenatide administration?
injected about 60 min before meals
42
incretin mimetic adverse effects (4)
GI hypoglycemia in combo therapy hypersens. to injection pancreatitis
43
DPP-IV inhibitor MOA & effects (2)
potentiates effects of incretin hormones decrease postprandial & fasting glucose modest decr. HA1c
44
-gliptin drugs are which class
DPP-IV inhibitors
45
DPP-IV inhibitors have what suffix
-gliptin
46
DPP-IV inhibitor contraindications
slow GI disease | renal impairment
47
Pramlintide (Symlin) drug type
amylin-like peptide
48
Pramlintide use
adjunct to insulin in Type 1 and 2
49
Pramlintide MOA & effects (4)
works with insulin to decrease gastric emptying decreased postprandial glucose decreased appetite/weight loss decreased HbA1c
50
Pramlintide administration
injection 3x dailey w/ bolus of insulin