Antifungal

Question 1

Adults have an acidic, fatty substance in and out of the skin called?

Answer 1

sebum

Question 2

Higher-molecular-weight fatty acid have the advantage of having (higher or lower) volatility?

Answer 2

lower

Question 3

It is prepared from caprylic acid, which is a component of coconut and palm oils.

Answer 3

Sodium caprylate

Question 4

10-Undecenoic acid, obtained from the destructive
distillation of castor oil.

Answer 4

Undecylenic acid

Question 5

Brand name of undecylenic acid?

Answer 5

Desenex, Cruex

Question 6

is used externally in ointments and solutions for its antifungal
and keratolytic properties.

Answer 6

Salicylic acid

Question 7

m-Hydroxyphenol

Answer 7

resorcinol

Question 8

possesses appreciable antifungal effects, but it cannot
penetrate the outer layer of the skin in infected areas.

Answer 8

benzoic acid

Question 9

Whitfield’s
Ointment, USP. This ointment contains?

Answer 9

6% benzoic acid, 6%, and salicylic acid, in a petrolatum base

Question 10

not a phenol but has properties like those of phenols.

Answer 10

ciclopirox olamine

Question 11

Brand name of clioquinol?

Answer 11

Vioform, used vaginally as a treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis.

Question 12

is considered an agent of choice in the treatment of
cutaneous candidiasis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and
tinea versicolor. It is a second-line for onychomycosis?

Answer 12

Ciclopirox olamine

Question 13

An active metabolite of the drug Flucytosine?

Answer 13

5-Fluorouracil

Question 14

What is the mechanism of action of flucytosine in fungal infections?

Answer 14

Conversion to 5-fluorouracil, which inhibits fungal RNA and protein synthesis

Question 15

One strategy used to decrease resistance and to prolong
the effect of 5-FC is to administer it, with the polyene antibiotic of ?

Answer 15

Amphotericin B

Question 16

Two classes of antifungal antibiotics, are?

Answer 16

Polyenes and Griseofulvin

Question 17

True or False
Natamycin, the smallest macrocycle, is
a pentaene; nystatin is a hexaene; and amphotericin B is a heptaene

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

It was purified from the fermentation beer of a soil culture of the actinomycete Streptomyces
nodosus, which was isolated in Venezuela.

Answer 18

Amphotericin B

Question 19

It binds to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, forming pores that cause leakage of ions and molecules, disrupting membrane integrity and leading to cell death.

Answer 19

Amphotericin B

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE
Amphotericin B can be administered intramuscularly?

Answer 21

FALSE, poor absorption to muscle tissue causes thrombophlebitis

Question 22

A polyene antibiotic that was first isolated in 1951 from a strain of the
actinomycete Streptomyces noursei by Hazen and Brown?

Answer 22

Nystatin

Question 23

A polyene antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces natalensis?

Answer 23

Natamycin

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE
Natamycin, a 26-membered–ring polyenes cause both potassium ion
leakage and cell lysis at the same concentration. Whereas
the 38-membered–ring polyenes cause potassium leakage
at low, fungistatic concentrations and cell lysis at high, fungicidal concentrations.

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

What is the MOA of Griseofulvin?

Answer 25

Involves binding to fungal microtubules, which disrupts the mitotic spindle formation during cell division

Question 26

It is use for the systemically delivered treatment of refractory ringworm infections of the body, hair, nails, and feet caused by species of dermatophytic fungi including

Answer 26

Griseofulvin

Question 27

Interfere with an early step in ergosterol biosynthesis, namely, the epoxidation of squalene catalyzed by squalene epoxidase.

Answer 27

Allylamines, such as naftifine and terbinafine

Question 28

TRUE OR FALSE Squalene epoxidase forms an epoxide at the C2–C3 position of squalene.

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

Although not an allylamine, it inhibits squalene epoxidase and has a spectrum of activity similar to that of the allylamines.

Answer 29

Tolnaftate

Question 30

More potent than naftifine and has also demonstrated oral activity against onychomycosis (ringworm of the nails).

Answer 30

Terbinafine hydrochloride

Question 31

A thioester of B-naphthol antifungal

Answer 31

Tolnaftate

Question 32

Inhibits lanosterol 14- demethylase

Answer 32

Azole Antifungal Agents

Question 33

TRUE OR FALSE The basic structural requirement for members of the azole class is a weakly basic imidazole or 1,2,4-triazole ring (pKa of 6.5–6.8) bonded by a nitrogen–carbon linkage to the rest of the structure

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

TRUE OR FALSE Fluconazole, possesses two polar triazole moieties, is sufficiently water soluble to be injected intravenously as a solution of the free base

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

Two nitrogen in structure group

Answer 35

Imidazole

Question 36

TRUE OR FALSE Clotrimazole and Ketoconazole are triazole?

Answer 36

FALSE

Question 37

Brand name of Clotrimazole?

Answer 37

Canesten

Question 38

Brand name of Tioconazole?

Answer 38

Trosyd, more effective against Torulopsis glabrata than other azoles

Question 39

Brand name of Miconazole?

Answer 39

Daktarin, Monistat, Micatin

Question 40

Brand name of Ketoconazole?

Answer 40

Nizoral

Question 41

TRUE OR FALSE Ketoconazole antagonizes Amphotericin B?

Answer 41

TRUE

Question 42

Brand name Itraconazole?

Answer 42

Sporanox

Question 43

Brand name of fluconazole?

Answer 43

Diflucan

Question 44

TRUE OR FALSE Hepatotoxicity, most serious adverse effect of ketoconazole.

Answer 44

TRUE

Question 45

Agent of choice for cryptococcal meningitis and prophylaxis against cryptococcosis in AIDS patient.

Answer 45

Fluconazole

Question 46

Approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and refractory infections of Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp

Answer 46

Voriconazole

Question 47

It noncompetitively inhibit (1,3) beta-d-glucan synthase enzyme.

Answer 47

Echinocanadins, such as Micafungin, Anidulafungin, Caspofungin

Question 48

A cyclic depsipeptide produced by fermentation in cultures of Aureobasidium pullulan

Answer 48

Aureobasidin A

Question 49

A noncompetitive inhibitor of enzyme inositol phosphorylceramide synthase ( essential enzyme for fungal sphingolipid biosynthesis)

Answer 49

Aureobasidins A

Question 50

First line options for the Tx of invasive candidiasis and candidemia

Answer 50

ECHINOCANDINS

Question 51

First echinocandin option for patients with invasive candidiasis. * Second line option for invasive aspergillosis

Answer 51

Capofungin

Question 52

Echinocandins that : indicated for the prophylaxis for invasive Candia infections

Answer 52

Micafungin

Question 53

Echinocandins that can be administered in severe hepatic dysfunction

Answer 53

Anidulafungin

Question 54

Give example of CELL MEMBRANE SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS of fungi?

Answer 54

Polyenes such as Amphotericin B, Nystatin, Natamycin

Question 55

DOC for systemic mycoses

Answer 55

Amphotericin B

Question 56

MOA: Inhibition of C-14 α- demethylase

Answer 56

Azoles

Question 57

TRUE OR FALSE? Azoles are contraindicated for pregnancy?

Answer 57

TRUE

Question 58

DOC for the Tx of Blastomycosis, Sporotrichosis, Paracoccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis

Answer 58

Itraconazole

Question 59

Buccal tablet for the tx of thrush.

Answer 59

Miconazole

Question 60

Endocrine A/E: Gynecomastia, ↓ libido, Impotence, Menstrual irregularitites

Answer 60

Ketoconazole

Question 61

DOC for Onychomycosis

Answer 61

Terbinafine

Question 62

DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS of fungi?

Answer 62

Flucytosine and Ciclopirox olamine

Question 63

Inhibits the transport of essential elements in the fungal cell, disrupting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins

Answer 63

Ciclopirox olamine

Question 64

DOC for ringworm or tinea infection

Answer 64

Griseofulvin

Question 65

TRUE OR FALSE Griseofulvin absorption is increased by fats.

Answer 65

TRUE

Question 66

Distorts the hyphae and stunts mycelial growth in susceptible fungi

Answer 66

Tolnaftate