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pharmacology > antihypertensive agents 1 > Flashcards

antihypertensive agents 1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 categories of antihypertensive agents

A
  1. direct vasodilators
  2. sympathoplegic agents
  3. diuretics
  4. agents that block production of angiotension
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2
Q

what do direct vasodilators do for HTN?

A

relaxing vascular smooth muscle, dilating resistence
results: reduces pressure, increase capacitance

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3
Q

What do sympathoplegic agents do for HTN?

A

reducing peripheral vascular resistance, inhibiting cardiac function, increasing venous pooling in vessels
results: lower BP, (reduce cardiac output)

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4
Q

what do diuretics do for HTN?

A

depeletes the body of sodium
result: reduces blood volume and lowers BP

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5
Q

what do agents that block production or action of angiotensin do for HTN

A

block or reduce angiontensin
result: reduce peripheral vascular resistance and blood volume

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6
Q

what are the first line antihypertensives

A
  1. ACE inhibitors
  2. ARB’s (-sartans,
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7
Q

List 3 ACE-inhibitor drugs

A
  1. Lisinopril (zestril)
  2. Captopril
  3. Enalapril (vasotec)
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8
Q

what is Lisinopril’s dosage and name brand

A

2.5 - 40 mg PO qd
Zestril

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9
Q

what blocks angiotensinogen from turnign to angiotensin 1

A

aliskiren
(blocks renin)

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10
Q

what captopril’s dosage

A

12.5-100 mg PO bid/tid

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11
Q

what is the dosage of Enalapril? what is the name brand

A

2.5-20mg PO qd
Vasotec

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12
Q

what is the MOA of ACE inhibitors

A

inhibition of ACE that lowers the conversion of angiotensin 1-angiotensin 2

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13
Q

What are the indications of ACE inhibitors

A

-first line for: diabetes mellitus, renal disease
-heart failure w reduce EF

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14
Q

what are ACE inhibitors known as

A

cardiprotective and renal protective

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15
Q

what are the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors

A
  1. cough
  2. angioedema
  3. ACEIs: pemphigus vulgaris
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16
Q

What are the contraindications to ACE inhibitors

2 absolute, 2 relative

A
  1. C1 esterase inhibitror deficiency
  2. pregnancy

relative: Bilateral renal artery stenosis, solitary kidney

17
Q

what is C1 esterase deficiency

A

hereditary angioedema
-recurrent angioedmea w/o uticaria or pruitius

18
Q

what are possible drug interactions of ACE inhibitors

list 4

A
  1. other hypertensive drugs
  2. NSAIDS (can decrease effect)
  3. Potassium-sparing diuretics (increases hyperkalemia)
  4. increasing levels of lithium
19
Q

what does high blood pressure do to blood vessels?

A

damages them (especially important in kidney)

20
Q

what symptom can damage tissue (unique)

A

cough

21
Q

what are 2 drugs part of the ARB’s group

A

-sartans
1. Valsartan (Diovan)
2. Candesartan (Atacand)

22
Q

what is the dosage of valsartan? what is the name brand

A

40-320 mg PO qd

23
Q

what is lithium

A

a mood stabalizer

24
Q

what is the dosage of candesartan? what is the name brand?

A

4-32 mg PO qd
Atacand

25
Q

what is the indiction of use for ARBs

A

same as ACE inhibitor, used if ACE inhibitor is not well tolerated

26
Q

what is the MOA of ARBs

A

inhibits angiotensin 2., receptor type 1

27
Q

adverse effects of ARBS

A

similar to ACE inhibitors
-cough and angiodema is uncommon

28
Q

when are ARBs mos commonly used

A

patients who have allergic reactions to ACE inhibitors

29
Q

3 drugs that are part of dihydropyridine CCB class

A
  1. Nifedipine
  2. Nicarrdipine (cardene)
  3. Amlodipine (Norvsac)
30
Q

what are the dureations of the 3 ACE inhibitors

A
  1. nifedipine (procardia)
  2. Nicardipipine (cardene)
  3. amlodipine (norvack)
31
Q

what is the dosage of Nifedipine? what is the half life?

A

30-90 mg PO qd

<2 hours

Procardia

32
Q

what is the dosage of Nicardipine? what is the half life?

A

20 mgs or 30 mg, PO, TID
8-12 hours

33
Q

what is the dosage/regimen of Nicardipine for a Hypertensive emergency

A

continuous IV
Initial:5mg/hour
titrate: by 2.5mg per hour at 5-215 min intervals

Max dose: 15mg/hour

34
Q

what is the dosage of Amlodipine? what is the half life?

A

2.5-10 mg PO qd
half life>24 hrs

35
Q

what CCB is the most potent vasodilator

A

dihydropyridine

pharmacology (20 decks)

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