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Pharm Final > Antiprotazoal > Flashcards

Antiprotazoal Flashcards

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1
Q

Etiology of amebiasis

A

E. histolytica

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2
Q

Etiology of giardiasis

A

Giardia lamblia

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3
Q

Etiology of Trichomoniasis

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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4
Q

Etiology of Toxoplasmosis

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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5
Q

Etiology of PCP

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

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6
Q

Symptomatic form of amebiasis

A

tissue form

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7
Q

Transmission of amebiasis

A

contaminated food, water or direct contact

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8
Q

Infective form of amebiasis

A

cysts (trophozoites invade and replicate in tissue)

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9
Q

What do trophozoites invade?

A

Intestine (diarrhea) and liver (abscess)

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10
Q

Giardiasis transmission

A

contaminated food, water, direct contact (very low infective dose)

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11
Q

Most common cause of non-bacterial diarrhea

A

Giardiasis

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12
Q

“beaver fever”

A

giardiasis

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13
Q

Sexually transmitted

A

Trichomoniasis

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14
Q

Sx of trich

A

vaginitis and frothy, yellow discharge

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15
Q

Transmission of toxoplasmosis

A

animals (especially cats)

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16
Q

Fetal infection of toxoplasmosis

A

heart problems, hydrocephalus, retinochoroiditis

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17
Q

PCP etiology

A

pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii); not a protozoa - yeast like fungus

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18
Q

Major cause of death in AIDS patients

A

PCP (give prophylaxis)

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19
Q

Tissue amebicides

A

metronidazole, tinidazole, emetine and dehydroemetine

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20
Q

Luminal amebicides

A

Iodoquinol, Paromomycin, tetracycline & erythromycin

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21
Q

DOC for e. hystolytica

A

Metronidazole + luminal

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22
Q

Giardia lamblia DOC

A

metronidazole

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23
Q

Trich vaginalis DOC

A

metonidazole

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24
Q

Toxoplasma gondii DOC

A

Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine (daraprim)

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25
PCP DOC
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
26
Asymptomatic amebiasis tx
luminal (iodoniquinle, paramomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin)
27
MOA of metronidazole
prodrug that reacts with ferredoxin (anaerobes); metabolites are taken up into DNA and form unstable molecules
28
Kinetics of metronidazole
``` O, P, T liver metabolism distributes widely, CSF kills amoeba in tissue; combine w/ luminal eliminated in urine ```
29
Side effects of metronidazole
``` metallic taste (disguesia) disulfiram-like reaction GI distrubance CNS/PNS sx: seizures, peripheral neuropathy (prolonged use) Candida super infection hypersensitivity ```
30
Tinidazole use
used for amebiasis, giardia and trich when metronidazole isn't tolerated
31
Kinetics of tinidazole
oral; 12 hours half life so one dose/day
32
Emetine and dehydroemetine (mebadin) use
3rd alternative for severe intestinal or systemic E. histolytica
33
Emetine and dehydroemetine kinetics
SC or IM (pain, tenderness and weakness at injection site)
34
emetine and dehydroemetin toxicities
cardiotoxicity serious GI teratogenicity
35
Contra for emetine
renal or cardiac disease | pregnancy
36
Iodoquinol use
asymptomatic amebiasis
37
Iodoquinol kinetics
oral; little absorption (luminal)
38
Toxicities of iodoquinol
skin rxn, H/A, diarrhea High iodine content- thyroid enlargement Eye effects (neuritis, atroph) leading to blindness
39
Paromomycin MOA
aminoglycoside; 30s subunit
40
Paromomycin kinetics
Oral, cream (t. vaginalis) | not signnificantly absorbed from GI (luminal)
41
Paromomycin use
asymptomatic amebiasis (w/ metro of symptomatic), giardiasis, T. vaginalis
42
Side effect of paromomycin
GI upset
43
Tetracycline and erythromycin use
amebiasis and giardiasis (+ metro for symptomatic)
44
DOC for toxoplasmosis
Daraprim
45
Toxicity of daraprim
heme disorder at high dose
46
What do you give with daraprim and why?
Leucovorin; folic acid syn inhibitor (DHFR)
47
PCP DOC
Bactrim
48
MOA of Bactrim
folic acid syn inhibitor
49
Use of Bactrim
DOC for PCP | Can be used as 2nd option for toxoplasmosis (daraprim is firrst)
50
Prophylaxis for P. jirovecii in HIV
Bactrim (30% of patients can't tolerate; give pentamidine instead)
51
Pentamidine use
alternative for PCP (P. jirovecii) in those that can't tolerate bactrim
52
MOA of pentamidine
inhibit DNA replication
53
Pentamidine kinetics
IM injection (active) or nebulization (prophylaxis)
54
Toxicities of pentamidine
hypoglycemia, hypotension, arrythmias (occasion: hyperglycemia, tachy, H/A, vomiting, bronchospasm, renal dysfunction, Ca loss, hepatic failure)
55
Nematodes
Roundworms
56
Cestodes
Tapeworms
57
Trematodes
flukes
58
Shistosomes
blood flukes
59
MOA of antihelminthic tx
energy metabolism neuromuscular coordination microtubular function cell permeability
60
DOC for roundworms
abendazole, mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate
61
Alternative for round worm tx
ivermectin
62
DOC for flukes
praziquantel
63
DOC for tapeworms
Praziquantel
64
Alternate for flukes
bithionol
65
Alternate for tapeworms
Niclosamide
66
Albendazole/Mebendazole kinetics
Oral | broad-spectrum: round, whip, hook, pin (mixed roundworm infections)
67
MOA of albendazole/mebendazole
inhibits microtubule polymerization by binding to B-tubulin; inhibits microtubule-dependent uptake of glucose leading to immobilization and death
68
Effects of albendazole/mebendazole
embryotoxic/teratogenic well tolerated- some ab discomfort Monitor LFT in long term tx
69
Pyrantel pamoate kinetics
Oral; broad spectrum (round, pin, hook) Available OTC
70
MOA of pamoate
cholinesterase inhibitor; produces depolarizing neuromuscular blockade in the worm
71
OTC tx for roundworm
pyrantel pamoate
72
Ivermectin use
alternative for roundoworm tx; (nematodes, insects, and acarine parasites, threadworm , round, cutaneous larva migrans)
73
MOA of ivermectin
paralyzes parasite; intensifies GABA-mediated transmission of signals in peripheral nerves
74
Side effects of ivermectin
minimal, pruritus, tender lymph nodes and fever
75
Praziquantel use
DOC for flukes and tapeworm (all schistosomes too)
76
Praziquantel kinetics
oral
77
MOA of praziquantel
increasing worms permeability to Ca, results in contraction and paralysis of worms muscles, dislodgement and death
78
Side effects of praziwuantel
N/V, ab discomfort
79
Bithionol use
alternative for fluke tx | Only DOC for sheep liver flukes
80
Side effects of bithionol
mild N/V, H/A, diarrhea, dizziness, urticaria, and rash
81
What are the toxic effects of antihelmnith tx due to
release of antigens from dying worm

Pharm Final (6 decks)

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