Anus, Rectum, & Prostate Flashcards

1
Q

Anal Fissure

A

Painful longitudinal tear in the superficial mucosa at the anal margin. Most occur in the posterior midline area (butt crack).

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2
Q

Hemorrhoid

A

Painless, flabby papules due to a varicose vein of hemorrhoidal plexus.

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3
Q

External Hemorrhoid

A

Originates below the anorectal junction and is covered by anal skin. When thrombosed, it contains clotted blood and becomes a painful, swollen, shiny blue mass that itches and bleeds with defecation. When resolved, it leaves a painless, flabby skin sac around the anal orifice.

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4
Q

Internal Hemorrhoid

A

Originate above the anorectal junction and is covered by mucous membrane. When a person performs the valsalva maneuver it may appear as a red mucosal mass.

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5
Q

Melena

A

Black tarry stool due to occult blood from GI bleeding.

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6
Q

Puritis

A

Itchy skin

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7
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Pale yellow greasy stool due to increased fat content. Occurs with malabsorption syndrome.

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8
Q

Meconium

A

First stool passed after birth. Dark green color. Indicates anal latency.

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9
Q

Symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

A

Gradually impedes urine output b/c it obstructs urethra. Urinary frequency, hesitancy, straining, weak stream, intermittent stream, sensation of incomplete emptying, nocturia.

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10
Q

Prostate Cancer Risks

A

Family history (esp. 1* relative), BRCA2 gene mutation, diet (red mead, processed meat, fats, dairy increase risk; high fiber, fruits, & veggies lower risk).

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11
Q

Pilonidal Cyst

A

Hair follicle containing cyst located in the midline over the coccyx or lower sacrum. B/T ages of 15 & 30.

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12
Q

Anorectal Fistula

A

Chronically inflamed GI tract creates an abnormal passage out to skin surrounding anus. Usually originates from an abscess, may drain sarosanguineous or purulent matter when pressure is applied.

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13
Q

Rectal Prolapse

A

Rectal mucous membrane protrudes through anus, looks like a moist red don us with radiating lines. If incomplete only mucosa bulges, if complete it includes the anal sphincters. Occurs following Valsalva.

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14
Q

Pruitis Ani

A

Intense perianal itching. Skin around anus is red, raised, thickened, & excoriated.

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15
Q

Abscess

A

Localized cavity of pus from infection in pararectal space. Usually extends from anal crypt.

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16
Q

Rectal Polyp

A

A protruding growth from the rectal mucous membranes. Can be pedunculated (on a stalk; think pendulum) or sessile (on the surface, close to mucosal wall). Requires protoscopy and biopsy.

17
Q

Fecal Impaction

A

Collection of hard, desiccated feces in the rectum. Often results from decreased bowel motility (more water is absorbed from the stool).

18
Q

Rectal Carcinoma

A

Malignant neoplasm in the rectum. Asymptomatic, so routine palpation is important. About 50% are malignant. Early lesion may be a single firm nodule, and you may palpate an ulcerated center w/ rolled edges. As lesion grows it has an irregular cauliflower shape and is fixed and stone-hard.

19
Q

Prostatitis

A

Inflammation of the prostate. Presents w/ fever, chills, malaise, dysuria, increased frequency and urgency, urethral discharge, dull, aching pain in perineal or rectal area.

20
Q

Prostatic Carcinoma

A

Presents with frequency, nocturne, hematuria, weak stream, hesitancy, pain/burning on urination, continuous pain in low back, pelvis, & thighs. Malignant neoplasm often starts as a single hard nodule on the posterior surface, producing asymmetry and a change in consistency. As it invades normal tissue, multiple hard nodules appear, or the entire gland feels stone hard and fixed; median sulcus is obliterated.