Aorta reverse

Question 1

reverse

first system to begin to function in the embryo

Answer 1

Cardiocasvular system

Question 2

reverse

from mesodermal cells

angioblasts during 3rd week

Answer 2

Aorta developement

Question 3

reverse

location in relation to heart

arteries or veins

Answer 3

vessel determination

Question 4

reverse

2 dorsal aortas

extensions of 2 endocardial heart tubes

quickly fuse into singel vessel

Answer 4

3rd week development

Question 5

reverse

many branches to feed embryo

branches become lumbar arteries

Answer 5

first single aorta

Question 6

reverse

develope from intersegmental arteries

Answer 6

common iliac artery developement

Question 7

reverse

branches anteriorly from aorta and extends into the yolksac

celiac artery

SMA

IMA

develope from this

Answer 7

vitelline artery

Question 8

reverse

branches off the anterior aorta

gives rise to the internal iliac arteries

Answer 8

umbilical artery

Question 9

reverse

carries blood from heart

enclosed in sheath containing nerve and vein

3 layers

tunica intima

tunica media

tunicat adventitia

Answer 9

Aorta

Question 10

reverse

inner vessel wall

Answer 10

tunica intima

Question 11

reverse

middle vessel wall

arteries have thicker to allow for great elasticity

Answer 11

tunica media

Question 12

reverse

outer vessel wall

Answer 12

tunica adventitia

Question 13

reverse

root

ascending

descending

abdominal and branches

bifurcation

Answer 13

Aorta sections

Question 14

reverse

arises from left ventricle

Answer 14

Aortic root section

Question 15

reverse

arises short distance from root

forms aortic arch

supplies blood to head and upper extremities

3 branches arise from arch

Answer 15

Aorta ascending

Question 16

reverse

after aortic arch

posterior along back wall of heart

Answer 16

Aorta descending

Question 17

reverse

supplies blood to all soft tissue organs in abdomen

starts after passing through diaphragm

Answer 17

Aorta abdominal

Question 18

reverse

into iliac arteries

Answer 18

Aortic bifurcation

Question 19

reverse

brachiocephalic

commom carotid

subclavian

Answer 19

Arteries arising from aortic arch

Question 20

reverse

endters through aortic hiatus of diaphragm

descends anteriorly and slightly left of vertebral bodies

posterior and left of gastroesophogeal junction

flanked on either side by diaphragmatic crura

Answer 20

Anatomy of Abdominal aorta

Question 21

reverse

Celiac Trunk

SMA

Left & Right Renal A

Left & Right Gonadal A

Root of IMA

Left & Right Common Iliac

Answer 21

Aortic branches

Question 22

reverse

at L4 into iliac arteries

5cm long

run anterior with corresponding veins

Answer 22

Aortic bifurcation

common iliac arteries

Question 23

reverse

internal and external iliac arteries

Answer 23

common iliac artery bifurcation

Question 24

reverse

common hepatic artery

left gastric artery

splenic artery

Answer 24

Celiac trunk

Question 25

# reverse forms proper hepatic artery and GDA

Answer 25

common hepatic artery

Question 26

# reverse supplies stomach and esophagus

Answer 26

left gastric artery

Question 27

# reverse largest branch forms gastroepiploic artery supplies stomach and spleen

Answer 27

splenic artery

Question 28

# reverse arises 1cm inferior to celiac trunk 5 main branches that feed small intestines, inferior pancreatic, duodenal, colic, ileocolic and intestinal arteries each branch has 10-16 branches

Answer 28

SMA

Question 29

# reverse arises at L3 or L$ proceeds left and supplies colon and rectum 3 main branches

Answer 29

IMA

Question 30

# reverse left colic sigmoid superior rectal

Answer 30

3 branches of the IMA

Question 31

# reverse pulsatile abd mass hemodynamic compromise in lower limbs abd pain abd bruit

Answer 31

indications for aortic ultrasound

Question 32

# reverse midline, left flank with patient supine right lat decubitus and along lateral edge of rectus abd muscle to evaluate iliacs

Answer 32

acoustic window for aorta

Question 33

# reverse visualize entire aorta and branches disections of atheromatous stenoses, aneurysmas, disections or other pathological process measurements, including dilated segments adjacent organs and structures

Answer 33

aorta assessment

Question 34

# reverse tapers from cranial to caudal 2. 5 to 1.8cm 2. 5 at diaphragm 2. 0 midline 1. 8 distal 95% of people aorta less than 2.3 in men, 1.9 in women increases with age

Answer 34

normal aorta measurements

Question 35

# reverse acts as resevoir in response to pulsitile flow received from left ventricle

Answer 35

aorta in systole

Question 36

# reverse decreases in size by discharging blood to rest of ciculation considered high resistance flow in aorta

Answer 36

aorta in distole

Question 37

# reverse shart increase in antegrade velocity during systole sharp decrease in velocity and brief period of reversed flow in distole

Answer 37

high resistance blood flow

Question 38

# reverse main aortic branches to kidneys liver postprandial bowel

Answer 38

low resistance blood flow

Question 39

# reverse validate entire aorta and branches by determining patency detect atheromatous stenoses, aneurysms, dissections or other pathology characterize abnormalities with spectral doppler determine high/low resistance in vessels to determine if possibility of pathological process

Answer 39

Goals of Doppler aorta

Question 40

# reverse doppler shows increased pulsatility proximal increased systolic/diastolic velocities turbulence immediately after

Answer 40

Stenosis

Question 41

# reverse vascular wall disorder with presence of lipid deposits in intima atheromatous plaque is soft, porridge like material that may discharge into the vessel causing distal embolus or local thrombus or both palques cause mural irregularity and narrowing of the vessel lumen with distal ischemia

Answer 41

Atheromatous disease arteriosclerosis

Question 42

# reverse incidence increases with age affects more men than women involves aorta and iliac arteries and branches most common on posterior wall in aorto-iliac area

Answer 42

Atheromatous disease factors

Question 43

# reverse smoking diabetes mellitus hypertension increased levels of low density lioprotein of serum cholesterol

Answer 43

atheromatous disease associations

Question 44

# reverse significant lower limb pain ectasia occurs when aorta increases in length and diameter causing it to kink usually anteriorly and left

Answer 44

atheromatous disease signs

Question 45

# reverse very new=hypoechoic 1 hr or so newer clot=hyperechoic due to fibrinogin old clot=hypoechoic with debris

Answer 45

arterial thromus

Question 46

# reverse swelling in bloos vessel eith focal or diffuse 2 types true false (pseudo)

Answer 46

Aneurysm

Question 47

# reverse all 3 layers affected

Answer 47

True aneurysm

Question 48

# reverse does not affect all 3 layers

Answer 48

pseudoaneurysm

Question 49

# reverse Marfan's syndrome ehlers-danlose syndrome annuloaortic extasia famlial aortic dissection intimomeidal mucoid degeration MOST true are idiopathic

Answer 49

Predispostion to aneurysm

Question 50

# reverse blood escapes through a hole in intima but is contained in deeper layers of aorta by adjacent tissue most are round or oval proituberances from the artery blood circulates in and out with cardiac cycle can be cause by infection, trauma, surgery or interventional procedures

Answer 50

Pseudoaneurysms description

Question 51

# reverse 95% are infrarenal 30-60% are assymptomatic may have ab, leg or back pain higher ince=idence in Men over 60 incidence of AAAis 70-90% in men over 65

Answer 51

abdomial aorta aneurysm AAA

Question 52

# reverse rupture thromsosis dissection distal embolism infection obstruction and invasion of adjacent structures

Answer 52

complications of AAA

Question 53

# reverse branch artery occlusions or stenosis most common in IMA and renal arteries

Answer 53

Most common complications of AAA

Question 54

# reverse type of pseudoaneurysm blood leaves lumen through intimal defect and course as variable distance in the wall and reenters aorta farther distal in the arterial system

Answer 54

Dissecting aneurysm

Question 55

# reverse most catastrophic of AA complications mortality rate at least 50% some contained in the retroperitoneum and are chronic retroperitoneal fluid collections are the most common findings

Answer 55

aortic rupture

Question 56

# reverse prevalent in most large AAA thrombus poorly attached and friable meaning it can be distant source of emboli thrombus has no bearing on whether the AAA will rupture or not

Answer 56

mural thrombus AAA

Question 57

# reverse variant of atherosclerotic AAA wall of aneurysm is thickened and surrounded by fibrosis surgical repair has high mortality rate pain present in 84%

Answer 57

inflammatory AA

Question 58

# reverse focal dilation of aorta larger than 3cm elongate as the grow most deflect to left or kink anteriorly or both aventitia is generallly echogenic from adjacent fibrofatty tissue mural thrombus is usually low to med echogenicity and makes up most of wall intimal lining may be smooth or irregula with calcifications

Answer 58

Sonographic appearance of AAA

Question 59

# reverse measure outer to outer maximum true lenght and width and transvers dimensions document locatoin include suprarenal extension or iliac involvement document wall type: calcified plaque, flowing blood, soft plaque or well established plaque

Answer 59

AAA measurement

Question 60

# reverse patent channel should be documented look for dissection look at both kidneys checking flow of renal arteries, especially if kidney is shrunken of if patient has hypertension

Answer 60

AAA analysis

Question 61

# reverse Bulbous fusiform saccular dumbell

Answer 61

Descriptive terms for AAA

Question 62

# reverse sharp junction between normal and abnormal

Answer 62

Bulbous AAA

Question 63

# reverse gradual transition between normal and abnormal

Answer 63

Fusiform AAA

Question 64

# reverse sharp sudden transition between normal and abnormal

Answer 64

Saccular AAA

Question 65

# reverse figure 8 appearance

Answer 65

Dumbell AAA

Question 66

# reverse surgery with aortic grafts many factors to weight in repair decision arterial grafts very echogenic and textured native aorta usually wrapped around graft, may see fluid between aorta and graft

Answer 66

Repair of AAA

Question 67

# reverse patients with iliac have higher incidence of aneurysms elsewhere in body trauma, syphili and mycotic disease shoujld all be considered if aneurysms are found suprarenally

Answer 67

Iliac and suprarenal Aneurysms

Question 68

# reverse defect in intima and internal weakness in wall must exist most are idiopathic begins in thorax and extends into the abdomen less than 5% begin in abdomen

Answer 68

Dissections

Question 69

# reverse marfan's disease pregnancy bicuspid aortic valve trauma focal stenoses hypertension

Answer 69

Dissection relations

Question 70

# reverse Type 1 Type 2 Type 3

Answer 70

Types of dissections

Question 71

# reverse begins at root of aorta and may extend entire length of arch, descending aorta and even inot the abdominal aorta most dangerour kind

Answer 71

Type 1 dissection

Question 72

# reverse starts at left subclavian artery and extends down towards the descending aorta it may or may not extend in to the abdominal aorta associated with Marfan's disease

Answer 72

Type 2 dissection

Question 73

# reverse begins at the descending aorta and extends into the abdominal aorta may block renal arteries

Answer 73

Type 3 dissection

Question 74

# reverse may invade a precediong aneurysm and produce a focal abcess septic emboli often associated with valvular heart disease often cause the disease

Answer 74

aneurysm infection

Question 75

# reverse most result at site of angiographic puncture or at site or surgical anastomosis hs a neck to aneurysm during systole can see blood enter and diastole can see turbulent blood flow with color doppler can be treated with ultrasound guided thrombin injection

Answer 75

pseudoaneuryms arteriorvenous fistula

Question 76

# reverse artery has high resistive pattern at its origin with a small amount of reversed early diastolic flow as go more distally it loses the reversed flow component splenic and hepatic areteries are usually low resistance splenic artery is tortuous

Answer 76

Celiac/mesenteric arteries

Question 77

# reverse blood flow pattern depends on whether patient is fasting or has eaten fasting pattern is high resistance eaten pattern is low resistance low resistance pattern in most prominent 45 min after eating

Answer 77

SMA

Question 78

# reverse deficiency in blood delivery to bowel usually has a significant narrowing or obstruction of both the celiac axis and SMA

Answer 78

Intestinal Ischemia

Question 79

# reverse aneuryms in the hepatic artery, plenic artery, SMA, GDA, IMA may be saccular or fusiform can be congenital, artherosclerotic, post trauma, mycotic or inflammatory

Answer 79

Splanchic aneurysm

Question 80

# reverse 22% have 2 to one kidney should show low resistance waveform velocities should decrease as once goes farther into kidney

Answer 80

Renal arteries

Question 81

# reverse produces rare but treatable cause of hypertension may be due to atherosclerotic disease or fibromuscular hyperplasia (rare disease affecting young women) RA stenosis is treatable with angioplasty

Answer 81

Renal artery stenosis

Question 82

# reverse mostly acquired may be post trauma or post large bore needle biopsy usually pseudoaneurysms 1/4 are congenital produce a mosaic color in kidney (doppler image)

Answer 82

Reanl aneurysms AV fistulas

Question 83

# reverse Abdominal \> 3 cm Common iliac \>2cm Popliteal \>1cm 25% of popliteal also have AAA

Answer 83

Aneurysm measurements

Question 84

# reverse 5 cm=5% 6cm=16% 7cm=75%

Answer 84

rupture risk in AAA in 5 yrs

Question 85

# reverse decreased hemocrit hypotension pulsitile abd mass abd bruit back pain abd pain lower extremity pain

Answer 85

clinical findings of aortic rupture

Question 86

# reverse tube graft aortoiliac graft aoto-bifemoral graft wrapped-native aorta is opened longitudinally and the graft is placed inside

Answer 86

aortic grafts