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Flashcards in apes ch 14 Deck (46)
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0
Q

Which organisms does water pollution affect?

A

Both aquatic and terrestrial organisms

1
Q

Water pollution

A

The contamination of streams, rivers, lakes, oceans, or groundwater with substances produced through human activities that negatively affect organisms.

2
Q

Point sources

A

Distinct locations such as a particular factory that pumps it’s waste into a nearby stream or a sewage treatment plant that discharges waste water from a pipe into the ocean.

3
Q

Non point sources

A

More diffuse areas such as an entire farming region, a suburban community with many lawns and septic systems, or storm runoff from parking lots

4
Q

Which is easier to fix, point or non point sources?

A

Point sources

5
Q

Waste water

A

The water produced by human activities including human sewage from toilets and grey water from bathing and washing clothes and dishes.

6
Q

Three reasons waste water is a problem

A
  1. Creates a large demand for oxygen in the water
  2. Nutrients can make water more fertile
  3. Waste water can carry a wide variety of disease causing organisms
7
Q

Oxygen demanding waste

A

Organic matter that enters a body of water and feeds the growth of microbes that are Decomposers.

8
Q

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

A

A measurement of the amount of oxygen a quantity of water uses over a period of time at specific temperatures

9
Q

Lower BOD indicates? Higher BOD indicates?

A

Less pollution

More pollution bc of waste water

10
Q

Why is oxygen demand bad?

A

When microbes require so much oxygen, there is little left for other organisms, and that can be deadly to plants, shellfish, etc.

11
Q

Dead zones

A

An area with extremely low oxygen concentration and very little life

12
Q

Two important elements for limiting abundance of producers I’m aquatic ecosystems

A

Nitrogen and phosphorus

13
Q

Eutrophication

A

A phenomenon in which a body of water becomes rich in nutrients
- causes algal bloom

14
Q

Cultural eutrophication

A

When a body of water experiences an increase in fertility due to anthropogenic inputs of nutrients.

15
Q

Indicator species

A

An organism that indicates whether or not disease causing pathogens are likely to be present

16
Q

Fecal coliform bacteria

A

Generally harmless micro organisms that live in the intestines of human beings and animals (E. Coli)

17
Q

Septic system

A

A relatively small and simple sewage treatment system, made up of a septic tank and a leach field
Used for homes in rural areas

18
Q

Septic tank

A
A large container that receives waste water from the house 
3 layers :
Scum layer - anything that floats
Septage - fairly clear water
Sludge - solid waste
19
Q

Leach field

A

A part of a septic system, made up of underground pipes laid below the surface of the ground.

20
Q

Environmental advantage of septic system

A

No electricity is needed

21
Q

Sewage treatment plant

A

Used in more populated areas

- network of pipes that receive waste from hundreds or thousands of houses

22
Q

Primary treatment

A

Solid waste material collected out of waste water and placed in a landfill, burned, or made into fertilizer

23
Q

Secondary treatment

A

Uses bacteria to break down organic matter in water and convert it to carbon dioxide and nitrogen and phosphorus. And then released into a River or lake.
- but can result in algal blooms

24
Q

Manure lagoons

A

Large, human made ponds lined with rubber to prevent the manure from leaking into the groundwater. After the manure has been broken down by bacteria, the manure can be spread as fertilizer.

25
Q

Risks of manure lagoons

A

A leak in the liner

A possible overflow into adjacent bodies of water

26
Q

Acid decomposition

A

Acids deposited on earth as rain or snow or as gases and particles that attach to surfaces of plants, soil, and water.

27
Q

Synthetic organic compounds

A

Pesticides
Pharmaceuticals
Industrial cleaners

28
Q

Perchlorates

A

Harmful chemicals found when military rockets are manufactured, tested, and dismantled.

29
Q

PCBs

A

A group of industrial compounds formerly used to manufacture plastics and insulate electrical transformers and responsible for many environmental problems

30
Q

PBDEs

A

Am environmentally harmful compound commonly found in flame retardants, and other materials

31
Q

Ways to clean up oil

A
  1. Suck it up with a vacuum type thing
  2. Apply chemicals to break up the oil
  3. Use genetically engineered bacteria
32
Q

Non chemical water pollution

A

Solid waste
Sediment
Heat
Noise

33
Q

Great pacific garbage patch

A

In the North Pacific gyre

34
Q

Two dangers of solid waste pollution

A

Plastic rings from beverages can kill animals

Medical waste can be harmful to humans

35
Q

Another source of solid waste pollution

A

Coal ash and coal slag that remains when coal is burned bc coal contains mercury, lead, arsenic

36
Q

Sediments

A

Particles of sand, silt, clay carried by moving water to another location

37
Q

Causes of sediment pollution

A

Construction

When natural vegetation is removed

38
Q

Effects of sediment pollution

A

Reduced infiltration of sunlight
Reduced productivity of algae and plants
Clog fish gills
Increase nutrients

39
Q

Thermal pollution

A

When human activities cause a change in the temperature of water

40
Q

Thermal shock

A

A dramatic change in water temperature that can kill organisms

41
Q

Noise pollution

A

Sound emitted from ship and submarines interfere with animal communication

42
Q

Clean water act

A

Protects natural water supplies except groundwater

43
Q

Safe drinking water act

A

Protects tap water sources

44
Q

Maximum contaminant levels

A

The standard for safe drinking water established by the EPA under the safe drinking water act

45
Q

Legislation around the world

A

In develoPED countries, industrialization and water pollution has been around longer so people have notified the need for legislation
- in developING countries, it hasn’t been around that long, so people don’t see the need for legislation yet,

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