APGovCh.4.JustinHall

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

president from 1861 to 1865) took substantial control of the federal government in order to conduct the Civil War effectively. Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus and other civil liberties

Question 2

Abolitionists

Answer 2

is support for a complete, immediate, and uncompensated end to slavery. In the North before the Civil War, there were only a few abolitionists and these were generally considered radicals. However, they were prominent and vocal, and as sectional tension mounted, they became more prominent and influential

Question 3

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 3

n 1798, the Federalist-controlled Congress passed a series of laws which, on the surface, were designed to control the activities of foreigners in the United States during a time of impending war

Question 4

bill of attainder

Answer 4

a legislative act finding a person guilty of treason or felony without a trial, A law that declares a person, without trial, to be guilty of a crime. The state legislatures and Congress are forbidden to pass such acts, Article 1, Sections 9 and 10, of the Constitution

Question 5

Bill of Rights

Answer 5

the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship

Question 6

Black Lives Matter

Answer 6

an international activist movement, originating in the African American community, that campaigns against violence toward black people. BLM regularly organizes protests around the deaths of black people in killings by law enforcement offers, and broader issues of racial profiling, police brutality, and racial inequality in the United States criminal justice system

Question 7

Burger Court

Answer 7

refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1969 to 1986, when Warren Burger served as Chief Justice of the United States

Question 8

Capital Cases

Answer 8

is a prosecution case for murder in which a jury is asked to decide whether a defendant should be put to death

Question 9

Civil Liberties

Answer 9

Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens

Question 10

Civil Rights

Answer 10

Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals

Question 11

Clear and Present danger

Answer 11

Interpretation of the First Amendment that holds that the government cannot interfere with speech unless the speech presents a clear and present danger that it will lead to evil or illegal acts

Question 12

Dejonge v Oregon (1937)

Answer 12

The Court established that the right of association (assembly) was as important as other First Amendment rights and used the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply freedom of assembly to the states

Question 13

Direct Incitement Test

Answer 13

The First Amendment protects advocacy of illegal action unless imminent lawless action is intended and likely to occur

Question 14

Double Jeopardy Clause

Answer 14

Individuals are protected from being tried twice for the same offense in the same jurisdiction

Question 15

Due Process Clause

Answer 15

Clause contained in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment, guarantees a variety of rights to individuals

Question 16

Due Process Rights

Answer 16

Procedural, ensuring fair treatment, or substantive, protecting fundamental rights

Question 17

Earl Warren

Answer 17

Led the Court through an important liberal phase

Question 18

Eighth Amendment

Answer 18

“Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.”

Question 19

Eighteenth Amendment

Answer 19

A nationwide prohibition on alcoholic beverages

Question 20

Espionage act

Answer 20

Prohibited urging resistance to the draft or disturbing anti-war leaflets

Question 21

Establishment clause

Answer 21

Directs the national government not to sanction an official religion

Question 22

exclusionary rule

Answer 22

Police are prohibited from using illegally seized evidence in the same jurisdiction

Question 23

ex post facto law

Answer 23

Makes an act punishable as a crime if it was legal before it was committed

Question 24

First amendment

Answer 24

Restrictions on the federal government with respect to civil liberties, including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

Question 25

Fourth amendment

Answer 25

Protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures of their persons, houses, papers, and effects without a warrant from a judge among other guarantees

Question 26

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 26

Extension of the “equal protection of the law” to all citizens

Question 27

Fifth Amendment

Answer 27

Provides indictment by a grand jury and protection against self incrimination, and prevents the national government from denying a person life, liberty, or property. Prevents the national government from taking property without just compensation

Question 28

fighting words

Answer 28

Words that inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of speech

Question 29

free excercise clause

Answer 29

Prohibits the US government from interfering with a citizen’s right to practice his or her religion

Question 30

fundamental freedoms

Answer 30

Rights defined by the Court as essential to order, liberty, and justice and therefore entitled to the highest standard of review

Question 31

Gitlow v. New York (1925)

Answer 31

A case that extended the First Amendment protections to State Governments

Question 32

grand jury

Answer 32

Group of citizens that determine whether enough evidence exists for a case to go to trial

Question 33

hate speech

Answer 33

Communication that belittles a person or group on the basis of race, gender, ethnicity, or other characteristics

Question 34

incorporation doctrine

Answer 34

The due process clause must require state and local governments to guarantee the rights stated in the Bill of Rights

Question 35

Lemon Test

Answer 35

Three-part test created by the Supreme Court for examining the constitutionality of religious establishment issues

Question 36

libel

Answer 36

False Written statement that defames a person’s character

Question 37

Miranda rights

Answer 37

Police are required to read a suspect his or her rights

Question 38

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Answer 38

Individuals arrested for a crime must be advised of their rights to remain silent and have counsel present

Question 39

Miller v. California (1973)

Answer 39

Used to determine when sexually explicit interpretation was obscene and unprotected by the First Amendment

Question 40

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964)

Answer 40

“Actual malice” must be proven to support a finding of libel against a public figure

Question 41

New York Times Co. v. U.S. (1971)

Answer 41

The US government could not block the publication of secret Department of Defense documents illegally furnished to the Times by anti-war activists

Question 42

Ninth Amendment

Answer 42

Enumerating rights in the Constitution or Bill of Rights does not mean that others do not exist

Question 43

Occupy Wall Street

Answer 43

Promotes protests and political activism against income inequality and corporate greed

Question 44

Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennysylvania v. Casey (1992)

Answer 44

This abortion case replaced the strict scrutiny standard of Roe with the less stringent undue burden standard

Question 45

prior restraint

Answer 45

Doctrine prevents the government from prohibiting speech or publication before the fact

Question 46

right to privacy

Answer 46

The right to be left alone

Question 47

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Answer 47

A woman’s right to abortion was protected by the right to privacy

Question 48

sedition laws

Answer 48

Made it illegal to speak or write any political criticism that threaten to diminish respect for the government, it’s laws, or public officials

Question 49

selective incorporation

Answer 49

Most protections in the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 50

September 11th

Answer 50

A terrorist plot that involved hijacked planes crashing into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon

Question 51

Sixth Amendment

Answer 51

Sets out the basic requirements for procedural due process for federal courts to follow in crime trials

Question 52

slander

Answer 52

Untrue spoken statements that defame the character of a person

Question 53

substantive due process

Answer 53

Protects citizens from arbitrary or unjust state or federal laws

Question 54

symbolic speech

Answer 54

Symbols, signs, and other methods of expression protected by the First Amendment

Question 55

Tenth Amendment

Answer 55

The powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people

Question 56

The Crown v. Zenger (1735)

Answer 56

A precursor to free press provisions in the Constitution

Question 57

undue burden test

Answer 57

Allowed for greater regulation of abortion by the states

Question 58

Warren Court

Answer 58

Court where Earl Warren served as Chief Justice, noted for many rulings expanding civil liberties and civil rights

Question 59

Warren E. Burger

Answer 59

Chief Justice that led the Court in an increasingly conservative direction

Question 60

Whole Woman's Heath v. Hellerstedt (2016)

Answer 60

Struck down state law provisions in Texas as presenting an undue burden on women seeking abortions

Question 61

writ of habeas corpus

Answer 61

Prisoners have a right to know what charges are being made against them