API 570 Flashcards
API 574
Inspection practices for piping system components
API 574 doesn’t cover❓
Control valves
The refining industry generally uses what type piping for severe service ❓
Seamless and ERW
Piping normally made by rolling plates to size and welding the seams is larger than ❓ NPS.
16
Steel and alloy piping are manufactured to standard DIMENSIONS in normal pipe sizes up to❓
48”
Steel and alloy piping is manufactured to standard THICKNESS designated as schedules in nominal pipe sizes up to ❓ Inches.
36”
The actual thickness of seamless piping may vary from its nominal thickness by a manufacturing under tolerance of as much as ❓ %
12.5
Cast piping has thickness tolerance of + ❓ Inch and - ❓ Inch.
+1/16 and -0
For all nominal pipe sizes of ❓ Inches and smaller, the size refers to the nominal inside diameter.
12”
Under tolerance of welded pipe often used in refinery service is ?❓Inches.
.010
What type valve is normally used in a fully open or closed position❓
Gate valve
What type gate valves have body and port openings that are smaller than the valves’ end openings and should not be used as block valves associated with pressure relief devices❓
Reduced port gate valves
What is a globe valve used for❓
Regulate fluid flow
What are slide valves generally used for❓
Erosion or high- temperature service
What type of joint would you seldom use in process piping system❓
Bell and spigot
What type of pipe joint is generally limited to piping in non- critical service and has a nominal size of 2” or smaller ❓
Threaded joint
Socket welded joints are usually used in nominal pipe size of ❓ Or smaller.
2”
Most common found joint in petroleum industry❓
Butt welded joints
When piping is open for any reason:
It should be inspected internally
A greater loss in metal thickness will usually be observed near a change of flow direction, such as the outside radius of elbows. What usually causes this❓
High turbulence or high velocity
Stainless steel in the presence of moisture under insulation may crack because of the presence of❓
Chlorides
What type of prob would you expect in piping containing Amine❓
Stress corrosion cracking
Creep is dependent on three factors what are they❓
Time, stress, temperature
When looking for leaks, particular attention should be given to❓
Flanges or packing glands
Spring hanger loading should be checked under ❓
Both hot and cold conditions
The skin temp of an indicated hot spot should be measured by❓
Portable thermocouple, temperature indicating crayons, pyrometer
Close interval potential surveys are used to locate❓
Corrosion cells
When checking Austenitic materials for cracks using PT methods only liquid penetrants with ❓ Should be used.
Low or no chlorides
Bodies of valves that operate in severe cyclic temp service should be checked internally for❓
Cracks
Gate valves should be measured for thickness between the seats, since serious deterioration may have occurred because of ❓
Turbulence
Whenever valves are removed from service for overhaul or refurbished for reuse, what should be done next?
It should be inspected and tested in accordance with API 598
Welded joints in carbon steel and carbon molybdenum steel exposed to elevated temperatures of 800 degrees or over may be subject to❓
Graphitization
What type of pipe joint must not be used without adequate axial restraint in the piping❓
Clamp joint
For service testing of category D piping system B31.1 limits the gage pressure to ❓ Psi.
150
What systems would water be a questionable test medium❓
Acid lines, cryogenic systems and air drier systems
Preferred medium for a pneumatic test❓
Inert gas
❓are established limits for process variables that can affect the integrity of the piping system if the process operation deviates from the established limits for a predetermined amount of time.
Integrity operating envelope or window
API 2217A
Working in confined space
❓is the minimum thickness without corrosion allowance, based on structural and other loadings.
Structural minimum thickness
B-16.5 covers flanges through size NPS ❓
24”
B-16.47 covers the total range of larger flanges in size range NPS ❓
26”- 60”
A typical method for joining non metallic piping components is❓
Bell and spigot
API 574 recommends a tell tale hole of ❓” drilled from the OD to the ❓
1/8
Outer most periphery of the corrosion allowance
API 2201
Safe hot tapping
Who is responsible for MOC❓
Owner / user
Inspection plan shall be developed by❓
Inspector and engineer
A corrosion specialist shall be consulted if the system operates over❓degrees or systems that operate below the ❓
750 degrees
Ductile to brittle transition temp
RBI assessment shall be updated at least every❓
10 years
Radiographic profile is preferred for pipe ❓
NPS 1” and smaller
When mixing 2 streams complete mixing may not develop until ❓pipe diameters or more downstream.
100
❓is often the technique of choice for NPS 8 and under when localized corrosion is suspected.
PRT
Austenitic stainless steel should be hydro tested having a total chloride of less then ❓ppm.
50
For sensitized austenitic stainless ❓ should be considered for hydro testing.
Alkaline water
CUI in carbon and low alloy steels❓
More aggressive between❓
Austenitic stainless steel & duplex SS ❓
10-350 degrees
212-350 degrees
140- 400 degrees
MIC can survive in ph range❓
And temps❓
0 to 12
0-235 degrees
Stress corrosion cracking happens above ❓
140 degrees
Sulfidation of alloys begins above what temp❓
500 degrees
Film normal developing time is 5-8 mins at ❓degrees.
68 degrees
❓ is the most common type of UT scan.
A SCAN
Calibration standard should be within ❓ degrees of the part to be examined for UT.
25 degrees
3 parts to a weld❓
Weld metal
Base metal
HAZ
2 types of material test reports ❓
Heat & Product analysis
Austenitic SS with a min of ❓% to❓% ferrite prevents cracking.
5% - 20%
Class 150,300 pipe flanges have a raised face of ❓
.06
Class 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500
Pipe flanges face raised ❓
.25
WPS LIST❓
Essential, nonessential & supplementary variables
PQR list❓
Essential & supplementary variables
What is the earliest edition of section lX recognized by the current edition ❓
1962
In general, qualification on groove welds also qualifies a welder to make ❓
Fillet welds
When a tensile specimen breaks in the base metal outside of the weld or fusion line, the strength recorded may be ❓% below the specified tensile and be accepted.
5%
Guided bend specimens shall have no open defects in the weld exceeding❓
1/8”
The ❓ must certify the PQR as accurate.
Organization
The record of a welders performance test is called a❓
WPQ
WPQ list❓
Essential variables
P numbers are used to designate groups of❓
Base metals
What are the test used to qualify a normal WPS❓
Tensile & bend
Pits, grooves, gullies, waves, rounded holes & valleys exhibiting a directional pattern are characteristics of❓
Erosion and erosion corrosion
Erosion corrosion is best controlled by using ❓
More corrosion resistant alloys
API 571
Damage mechanism
What type of on stream inspection method can detect the loss of refractory on an operating unit❓
Infrared scan
What types of material are affected by mechanical fatigue cracking ❓
All engineering alloys are effected
A fatigue failure exhibits what type of fingerprint or appearance❓
A clam shell type fingerprint that has concentric rings called “ bench marks”
Best defense against mechanical fatigue ❓
Good design
What materials are effected most by atmospheric corrosion❓
Carbon, low alloy steels & copper alloyed aluminum
What is the atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel is exposed in a dry rural environment ❓
<1 mpy
What naturally occurring substance if it gets on equipment will cause accelerated corrosion ❓
Bird feces
On carbon and low alloy steels CUI damage often appears as ❓
Loose flaky scale
What type of corrosion is usually attributed to oxygen in boiler water condensate corrosion ❓
Pitting
Smooth grooving of pipe walls is an indication that ❓ is the causative agent.
Carson dioxide
Copper base alloys form sulfide at ❓ then carbon steel.
Lower temperatures
What alloying elements determine the resistance of an alloy to sulfidation ❓
Chrome
Sulfidation corrosion is most often in the form of❓
Uniform thinning
How can you best monitor the temperature of the equipment that is subject to sulfidation corrosion ❓
Tube skin thermocouples or Infrared thermography
Chloride stress corrosion cracking ( CI SCC ) is surface initiated cracks found in ❓
300 series SS and some nickel base alloys
The CI SCC surface cracks appear under the action of ❓
Tensile stress
The presence of what other element increases the propensity for CI SCC cracking❓
Oxygen
What percent of chlorides is safe for exposure to 300 series SS ❓
0%
SCC usually occurs at pH values above ❓
2
Nickel content of alloy above ❓% makes it highly resistant to SCC.
35%
What kinda of steel is not susceptible to SCC❓
Carbon
Caustic embrittlement is a form of❓that occurs in piping and equipment exposed to caustic, primarily adjacent non-PWHT’d welds.
SCC
Caustic stress corrosion or caustic embrittlement typically propagates ❓ to the weld in adjacent base metal but can also occur in the weld deposit or HAZ.
Parallel
What temp should be used for PWHT❓
1150 degrees
What method NDE is not effective for finding caustic embrittlement cracking when it is tight & scale filled❓
PT
Where is MIC most often found❓
Heat exchangers, piping In Contact with some soils, piping with stagnant or low flow
What is the appearance of MIC❓
Localized pitting under deposits or tubercles
What type of corrosion Involves an anode and cathode ❓
Galvanic corrosion
Exposure to high solution strength caustic can result in general corrosion of carbon steel above what temperature ❓
175
Corrosion damage from acidic sour water is typically found as❓
General thinning
Amine stress corrosion cracking detection is best preformed with❓
WFMPT or ACFM = alternating current field measurement
The shortest distance between the weld root and the face of a fillet weld is called❓
Actual throat
What type of carbon arc cutting process removes molten metal with a jet of air❓
Air carbon arc cutting
Arc blow is ❓ of an arc from its normal path because of magnetic forces.
Deflection
A fusion weld that is made without filler metal is called❓
Autogenous weld and is done with GTAW
If foreign solid material is entrapped in a weld (slag,flux, oxides, ect.) it is referred to as ❓
An inclusion
What is another common term for an image quality indicator❓
Penetrameter
A crack that runs approximately parallel to the weld axis is called❓
Longitudinal crack
Which NDE method is most acceptable for a lap joint❓
PT
What is the most capable NDE method for finding a discontinuity such as incomplete fusion in a joint ❓
UT
How would you control burn through❓
Use proper heat input
Who is responsible for establishing a written material verification program (PMI) ❓
Owner/user
API 578
Material verification
(ACFM) alternating current field measurement technique is ideal for inspecting❓
Nozzles, ring grooves, ground out areas
What is the max temperature that ACFM may be used❓
900 degrees
What power magnificent devices are recommended as aids to film interpretation and evaluation of radiographs❓
1.5X to 3X
How many cycles per second ( now known as Hz or hertz) is classified as being in the ultrasonic frequency range?
Greater than 20,000 Hz
What type of UT technique is used for thickness evaluation or to check for laminations ❓
Straight beam
The temp of the calibration standard should be within ❓ of the part to be examined.
25 degrees
How much will each pass of the transducer overlap the previous path during a weld scan❓
10%
What does AUT stand for ❓
Automated Ultrasonic Testing
How long, typically should a pressure test be held❓
30 mins
If a welder increases the amps what does this increase❓
Heat
