Application of Theory

Question 1

Theories of Behavior Change (Individual Level)

Answer 1

1. Transtheoretical Model

2. Health Belief Model

Question 2

social ecological model

Answer 2

individual - interpersonal - organizational - community - public policy

explains the relationship b/w socioeconomic status and health by illustrating that health status and social standing are linked to interrelated factors of health

Question 3

Transtheoretical model: Stages of Change

Answer 3

1. Precontemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Relapse/Recycle

Question 4

Pre-contemplation (TTM)

Answer 4

no intention of acting within next 6 months

Question 5

contemplation (TTM)

Answer 5

intends to act within next 6 months

Question 6

preparation (TTM)

Answer 6

intends to act within the next thirty days;

some behavioral steps in the direction

Question 7

action (TTM)

Answer 7

has changed behavior for less than 6 months

Question 8

maintenance (TTM)

Answer 8

has maintained behavior change for more than 6 months

Question 9

relapse/recycle (TTM)

Answer 9

revert to prior behavior

Question 10

consciousness raising (TTM)

Answer 10

enhancing knowledge or awareness of health risk and protective factors

Question 11

dramatic relief (TTM)

Answer 11

enhancing emotional reaction to health-risk behaviors

Question 12

self re-evaluation (TTM)

Answer 12

visualizing life without the risky health behavior

Question 13

environmental re-evaluation (TTM)

Answer 13

developing appreciation for how personal behavior affects others

Question 14

self-liberation (TTM)

Answer 14

establishing the belief that one can change and make commitments to change

Question 15

helping relationships (TTM)

Answer 15

obtaining support for the health behavior change

Question 16

counter-conditioning (TTM)

Answer 16

substituting healthy behaviors for unhealthy behaviors

Question 17

contingency management (TTM)

Answer 17

focusing on the consequence of behavior;

reward positive behavior, record progress, change environment

Question 18

stimulus control (TTM)

Answer 18

managing cues that stimulate behavior;

remove cues for unhealthy behavior;

create cues for behavior

Question 19

social liberation

Answer 19

promoting social causes consistent with the desired healthy behavior

Question 20

Health Belief Model

Answer 20

beliefs influence health behaviors

Question 21

individual perceptions of Health Belief Model

Answer 21

1. perceived susceptibility

2. perceived severity

Question 22

perceived susceptibility

Answer 22

belief of risk for developing condition

ex: My child is very likely to get HPV

Question 23

perceived severity

Answer 23

belief in the seriousness of a condition

ex: the HPV infection can cause a serious disease

Question 24

Modifying Factors of Health Belief Model

Answer 24

1. Self-efficacy
2. perceived threat
3. cues to action

Question 25

self-efficacy

Answer 25

confidence in one's ability to take action and change behavior

Question 26

perceived threat of disease

Answer 26

provides motivation for changing behaviors

Question 27

cues to action

Answer 27

strategies to activate readiness

Question 28

Likelihood of Action of Health Belief Model

Answer 28

1. perceived benefit 2. perceived barriers 3. likelihood of change

Question 29

perceived benefits

Answer 29

belief in the positive outcomes of change ex: the HPV vaccine is very effective at preventing cervical cancer ex: children should be vaccinated against HPV

Question 30

perceived barriers

Answer 30

belief about negative consequences of change

Question 31

likelihood of change

Answer 31

whether an individual will make the behavior change

Question 32

Theories of Behavior Change (Interpersonal Level)

Answer 32

1. Theory of Planned Behavior | 2. Social Cognitive Theory

Question 33

Behavioral Beliefs (Theory of planned behavior)

Answer 33

perception of the behavior

Question 34

attitude (Theory of planned behavior)

Answer 34

personal evaluation of the behavior

Question 35

normative beliefs (Theory of planned behavior)

Answer 35

perceptions of what other people want or expect

Question 36

control beliefs (Theory of planned behavior)

Answer 36

perception of ability to perform a behavior

Question 37

subjective norm (Theory of planned behavior)

Answer 37

motivation for change is to gain approval from key folks

Question 38

perceived behavioral control (Theory of planned behavior)

Answer 38

belief that one has control over behavior

Question 39

behavior intention (Theory of planned behavior)

Answer 39

perceived likelihood of performing behavior

Question 40

behavior (Theory of planned behavior)

Answer 40

performance of goal behavior

Question 41

actual behavioral control (Theory of planned behavior)

Answer 41

steps towards maintaining behavior

Question 42

social cognitive theory

Answer 42

reciprocal determinism - person - behavior - environment

Question 43

social cognitive theory

Answer 43

reciprocal determinism - person - behavior - environment

Question 44

personal factors (social cognitive theory)

Answer 44

values, beliefs, goals, self-efficacy, expectations

Question 45

behavioral factors (social cognitive theory)

Answer 45

actions, choice, statements, learning, achievements

Question 46

environmental factors (social cognitive theory)

Answer 46

reinforcement, instruction, feedback, others' behaviors, condtions

Question 47

Theories of Behavior Change (Community Level)

Answer 47

1. Rogers Diffusion of Innovations

Question 48

roger's diffusion of innovation

Answer 48

process by which an innovation is communicated through channels over time among members of a social system

Question 49

dissemination (Roger's)

Answer 49

planned, systematic efforts designed to make a program or innovation more widely available to a target audience

Question 50

innovation (Roger's)

Answer 50

idea, product, process

Question 51

communication channels (Roger's)

Answer 51

methods to make innovation known to social system

Question 52

time (Roger's)

Answer 52

time it takes for innovation-decision process to occur -and- rate of adoption

Question 53

social system (Roger's)

Answer 53

group in which innovation is introduced

Question 54

innovators (Roger's)

Answer 54

first to try, willing to take risks strategy: very little needs to be done

Question 55

early adopters (Roger's)

Answer 55

opinion leaders, are aware of need to change and are comfortable with adopting strategy: how to manuals and info sheets

Question 56

early majority adopters (Roger's)

Answer 56

typically need to see evidence to adopt strategy: success stories and evidence of effectiveness

Question 57

late majority adopters (Roger's)

Answer 57

skeptical of change, will only adopt after it has been tried by the majority strategy: # of how many have successfully tried

Question 58

laggards (Roger's)

Answer 58

bound by tradition and very conservative; strategy: statistics, fear appeals, pressure