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Flashcards in Applied A & P Deck (24)
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1
Q

how many pharynxes are there?

A

oro- naso- hypo-

2
Q

bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis should be administered when?

A

before surgery in patients at risk

3
Q

be able to identify the thyroid and cricoid cartilages

A
4
Q

be able to identify all of the superficial veins of the upper extremity

A
5
Q

be able to identify all of the superficial veins of the lower extremity

A
6
Q

how is the nasal passage oriented to the long axis of the patient?

A

90*

7
Q

what 2 actions does the TMJ have?

A

rotation and glide

8
Q

how many teeth does an adult with full dentition have?

A

32

9
Q

lung volumes and capacities

A
10
Q

what is the normal alanto-occipital gap angle?

A

35%

11
Q

what is the normal alanto-occipital gap angle?

A

35%

12
Q

most abundant INTRAcellular cation?

A

K+

13
Q

most abundant EXTRAcellular cation?

A

Na+

14
Q

what is the normal alanto-occipital gap angle?

A

35%

15
Q

most abundant INTRAcellular cation?

A

K+

16
Q

most abundant EXTRAcellular cation?

A

Na+

17
Q

In a standing patient, which West Zone has the highest ventillation/perfusion ratio?

A

The ventilation/perfusion ratio is higher in zone #1 (the apex of lung) when a person is standing than it is in zone #3 (the base of lung.)

18
Q

Describe the West Zones of the Lung

A

Zone 1 does not normally exist. In normal health pulmonary arterial pressure exceeds alveolar pressure in all parts of the lung. It generally only exists when a person is ventilated with positive pressure. Blood vessels are completely collapsed by alveolar pressure and blood does not flow through these regions. They become alveolar dead space.
Zone 2 is the part of the lungs about 3 cm above the heart. In this region blood flows in pulses. At first there is no flow because of obstruction at the venous end of the capillary bed. Pressure from the arterial side builds up until it exceeds alveolar pressure and flow resumes. This dissipates the capillary pressure and returns to the start of the cycle.
Zone 3 comprises the majority of the lungs in health. There is no external resistance to blood flow and blood flow is continuous throughout the cardiac cycle.

19
Q

right sided pressures, pulmonary hypertension

A

> 25 mmHg

20
Q

Why is the R IJV commonly cannulated for CVP measurements?

A

R IJVis straighter & less tortuous than the left. No subclavian artery or thoracic duct risks on R side

21
Q

hepatic perfusion and oxygenation

A

portal vein supplies 75% of liver blood flow and 25% of required O2

22
Q

oxygen tension in the heart depends on…..

A

P02, decrease in tension causes local vasodilation in order to maintain contractility and O2 delivery to poorly perfused tissue

23
Q

calculation of normal A-a difference

A

Normal on RA = less than or = 4 + Age/4
Not on RA = FiO2 x 5
Ratio of PaO2/FiO2 should be 300-500

24
Q

Which artery has little or no collateral circulation to the arm?

A

brachial