Approach Options

Question 1

ILS

Answer 1

Instrument landing system, precision approach

Frequency: 108.1-111.9 MHz odd tenths only
Width: 3-6 degrees. 700 ft threshold. 5 degrees total. Full deflection 2.5 degrees. 4x more sensitive than VOR
Coverage: 35 to each side for 10nm then 10 for up to 18nm up to 4,500

Question 2

Glide Slope

Answer 2

Vertical guidance, used in precision approaches

Frequency: 329.3-335
Width: 1.4 degrees .7 up or down
Range: 10nm
Slope: 2.5-3.5
Errors: false glide slope above actual glide slope

Question 3

Marker Beacons

Answer 3

OM: 4-7 miles, where ac intercepts gs, BLUE - - - -
MM: 3,500ft from runway, gs meets dh, 200ft up, AMBER .-.-
IM: between MM and threshold, gs meets dh on CAT II, WHITE ….
Back course: indicated FAF on selected back course approaches

Question 4

Compass locator

Answer 4

Low power NDB transmitter installed together with OM or MM on some ILS approaches

Question 5

Approach Light System (ALS)

Answer 5

Helps the transition from radio guided flights to a visual approach
Can help estimating visibility if you know the specific dimensions of the ALS configuration

Question 6

RVR and DH for CATs

Answer 6

CAT I: 2,400 or 1,800 and 200
CAT II: 1,200 and 100
CAT IIIa: >700 and <100 or no dh
CAT IIIb: 150-700 and <50 or no dh
CAT IIIc: 0 and no dh

Question 7

Calculations for…
Rate of descent for 3* gs
When to start descent
Convert ft/nm to fpm

Answer 7

Ground speed x 5= vs to maintain
Altitude to loose/300
Ft/nm requirement x nm/min

Question 8

3 GPS modes

Answer 8

Enroute 5 mi either side sensitivity
Terminal 2mi
Approach .5 mi

Question 9

Define GPS, how many satellites? Where? How many do you need at once?

Answer 9

Global Navigation Satellite System (in US)
24 satellites at 10,900 NM
Set up so at least 5 satellites are always in view at any location
Measures time passed between transmission and receiving and translates that to distance (pseudo range)

Question 10

What is WAAS? What does it do?

Answer 10

Wide area augmentation system
Errors broadcasted back to a satellite and from there back to aircraft equipped with GPS WAAS receivers. Allows for LPV approaches

Question 11

LAAS

Answer 11

Local area augmentation system

Errors transmitted via VHF to LAAS enabled GPS. More accurate than WAAS but covers a smaller area

Question 12

Can GPS be used to substitute ADF, DME, or NDB approaches?

Answer 12

An IFR certified GPS can substitute an ADF or DME but not an NDB with a GPS overlay in the title

Question 13

What is RAIM?

Answer 13

Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring
A function of GPS receivers that monitors the integrity of satellites
Requires minimum of 5 satellites or 4+baro-aid
To eliminate a faulty satellite, need additional satellite

Question 14

How is GPS CDI different than VOR?

Answer 14

GPS CDI measures distance in miles off course as opposed to angular degrees