approaches- ao1 Flashcards
what is the behavioural approach?
idea that we learn our behaviour from interaction with the environment (people, objects and experiences)
what is classical conditioning?
we learn behaviours through associations
what is operant conditioning?
we learn behaviours through rewards and punishments
stimulus- response approach?
automatically respond to something without thinking about it
what is the social learning approach?
you learn behaviours from others
what is vicarious reinforcement?
you learn behaviours from others being rewarded
what is mundane realism?
the everyday real world
what is the cognitive approach?
idea that internal processes such as memory, perception, thinking, attitudes and expectations (schema) can affect our behaviour
what is a schema?
a little packet of knowledge about an object, situation or an individual
what is the biological approach?
idea that all psychological behaviour is due to the actions of genes and neurochemicals such as hormones neurotransmitters, genes and brain structure
what is the psychodynamic approach?
idea that behaviour is influenced by the interaction of the id, ego and the superego and also is affected by early experiences and the strategies (defence mechanisms) we use to keep these in the unconscious mind.
what are the psychosexual stages?
stages every human goes through- at each stage you can either resolve conflict or become fixated at that stage in terms of personality.
what is the oral stage?
weaning from milk to solid foods- if a baby is angry/ upset about weaning there minds can become fixated at that stage effecting their behaviour e.g sucking thumb
what is the genital stage?
the growth of the reproductive system
what is oedipal complex?
as a baby you develop sexual desires towards your mother and due to this you are worried about your father finding out so you identify with your father and become like him to resolve conflict
