Aquifer #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the body is kernicterus happening?

A

Basal Ganglia and Cranial nerve nuclei

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2
Q

What is physiologic jaundice?

A

Basically normal because conjugating capability is not there yet

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3
Q

What is breastfeeding jaundice?

A

Lack of breast milk jaundice, decreased motility that causes meconium to be retained and it deconjugates the bilirubin

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4
Q

What is breast milk jaundice?

A

The breast milk itself deconjugates the bilirubin

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5
Q

What supplement is recommended for babies who are breastfed?

A

Vitamin D

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6
Q

2 physical findings you might see on baby head in the presence of high bilirubin?

A

Cephalohematoma and bruising

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7
Q

What are the 5 components of the APGAR test?

A
Activity
Pulse
Grimace
Appearance, skin color
Respiration
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8
Q

What is the pulse for 0 point 1 point and 2 points for APGAR?

A

Absent
Below 100
Over 100

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9
Q

0 1 and 2 points for respiration for APGAR?

A

Absent, slow and irregular, and vigorous cry.

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10
Q

Activity for 0 1 and 2 points of APGAR?

A

Absent
Flexed arms and legs
Active

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11
Q

What type of cough is found in asthma and lower respiratory infections?

A

Dry

Wet

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12
Q

What 4 conditions have a paroxysmal cough?

A

Pertussis
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
Foreign body

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13
Q

What is the most common chronic disease in children in developed countries?

A

Asthma

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14
Q

Symptom frequency, nighttime awakenings, Saba use, and interference with activity for intermittent asthma?

A

Less than 2 days a week
Less than 2 month
Less than 2 day
None

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15
Q

Symptom frequency, nighttime awakenings, Saba use, and interference with activity for mild persistent asthma?

A

More than 2 days a week
1-4 month
Greater than 2 days a week but not daily
Minor limitation

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16
Q

How do we big picture treat intermittent asthma vs. persistent asthma?

A

Intermittent, SABA

Persistent, daily controller/preventer and SABA

17
Q

What are the 3 most common indoor aeroallergens that are responsible for triggering asthma?

A

Dust mites
Animal dander
Cockroaches

18
Q

What is the most effective medicine to treat allergic rhinitis?

A

Topical nasal steroids

19
Q

Transient synovitis often occurs during or following a what?

A

Viral infection

20
Q

Criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

A

Less than 16 and have arthritis in at least one joint for more than 6 weeks

21
Q

What is the most common hip disorder in adolescents?

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Head falls off and impairs internal rotation of hip

22
Q

What is the relationship of arthritis and Lyme dx?

A

It is the second most common manifestation of Lyme disease showing up about a month after the rash. It is the most common manifestation of late Lyme dx.

23
Q

What is the most common childhood cancer?

A

Leukemia

24
Q

How do we diagnose slipped capital femoral epiphysis?

A

AP and lateral x ray followed by internal reduction of the femoral head

25
Q

Most common organisms causing septic arthritis in neonates, older children and adolescents?

A

Staph, group b strep and E. coli
Staph, hib, and strep pneumonia
Neisseria

26
Q

Babies lose how much birth weight and when do they get it back?
Define failure to thrive?
Two categories of failure to thrive, which one is most common?

A

Between 5 and 10 percent
2 weeks
Less than 5th percentile in weight
Non organic and organic, non organic being the most common with psychosocial being the most common

27
Q

What are 5 organic causes of failure to thrive?

A
Congenital heart defects
Cystic fibrosis
Reflux
Neuro problem
Metabolic dx
28
Q

What is the hallmark finding of an ASD?

A

Wide splitting s2

29
Q

3 clinical signs of coarctation of the aorta?

A

Murmur, hypertension in the UE, lower BP in the LE

30
Q

What is the hallmark of VSD?

A

Holosystolic blowing murmur starting at s1

31
Q

Hallmark feature of PDA?

A

Continuous machine like murmur with bounding pulses

32
Q

Most common congenital heart defect?

A

VSD

33
Q

What is the most common cyanotic heart defect?

A

Tetralogy of fallout

34
Q

What is the most common heart defect presenting with cyanosis in the newborn period?

A

Transposition of the great vessels

35
Q

4 murmurs that can presents with signs of congestive heart failure?

A

VSD
PDA
AS
Coarctation of the aorta

36
Q

3 hallmark findings on x ray of left to right shunt congenital defect?

A

Cardiomegaly, Pulmonary edema, and increased pulmonary vascular makings

37
Q

What is the patho of tetralogy of fallout?

What is the patho of a VSD?

A

Because of the obstruction of the right outflow tract, there is a right to left shunt through the VSD and the baby becomes cyanotic.

With a VSD, there is a persistent left to right shunt causing pulmonary overload and persistent volume overload in the left ventricle. Cardiac output also sucks.

38
Q

Why is the VSD not picked up in the nursery and why does it present later?

A

Because initially there is elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in the newborn because the pulmonary pressure is higher. That will eventually drop and the shunt can actually flow left to right.

39
Q

Three meds to use for treatment of kids with CHF and VSD?

A

Loop diuretics to shed the volume. Furosemide is drug of choice in kids with CHF.
Digoxin
Ace inhibitors to drop systemic vascular resistance in hopes that the left ventricle will flow the blood forward and not through the VSD because the resistance has dropped. Enalapril and captopril.