Arrhythmias

Question 1

how to classify torsades de pointes

Answer 1

QTc interval greater than or equal to 500ms

Question 2

what are the drug classes that can cause torsades

Answer 2

antiarrhythmics
antimicrobials
antidepressants
antipsychotics
anticancer
opioids

Question 3

what are the antiarrhythmics that can cause torsades

Answer 3

procainamide
flecainide
ibutilide
dofetilide
sotalol
amiodarone
dronedarone

Question 4

what are the antimicrobials that can cause torsades

Answer 4

macrolides
fluoroquinolones

Question 5

what opioids can cause torsades

Answer 5

methadone

Question 6

what antidepressants can cause torsades

Answer 6

citalopram
escitalopram
clomipramine
desipramine
lithium
mirtazapine
venlafaxine

Question 7

what anticancer drugs can cause torsades

Answer 7

the ones ending in “nib”

Question 8

what antipsychotics can cause torsades

Answer 8

atypical antipsychotics

Question 9

what drugs are used for sinus bradycardia

Answer 9

atropine
dopamine
epinephrine
isoproterenol
only symptomatic

Question 10

what drugs are used for sinus bradycardia after heart transplant or spinal cord injury

Answer 10

aminophylline
theophylline

Question 11

how is sinus bradycardia defined

Answer 11

HR < 60bpm, decrease automaticity of SA node

Question 12

how is atrial fibrillation defined

Answer 12

chaotic and disorganized ecg
120-180bpm
irregularly irregular
p waves are absent

Question 13

what drugs are used for rate control in afib

Answer 13

diltiazem
verapamil
beta-blocker
digoxin
amiodarone

Question 14

what drugs are used for sinus rhythm conversion in afib

Answer 14

DCC
amiodarone
ibutilide
procainamide
flecainide or propafenone (pocket pill)

Question 15

what drugs are used for maintaining sinus rhythm in afib

Answer 15

dronedarone
propafenone/flecainide
dofetilide
sotalol
amiodarone

Question 16

dofetilide dosing crcl > 60

Answer 16

500mcg PO BID

Question 17

dofetilide dosing crcl 40-60

Answer 17

250mcg PO BID

Question 18

dofetilide dosing crcl 20-39

Answer 18

125mcg PO BID

Question 19

dofetilide dosing crcl <20

Answer 19

contraindicated

Question 20

what are the adverse effects of amiodarone

Answer 20

blue skin
pulmonary fibrosis
hepatotoxicity
hypo/hyperthyroidism
cornea disfunction

Question 21

what is the monitoring for amiodarone

Answer 21

TSH
LFTs
ECG
Chest xray
eye exam
physical exam

Question 22

what drugs are used to terminate VT and restore NSR

Answer 22

procainamide
amiodarone
sotalol
verapamil
BB

Question 23

what drugs are used to prevent recurrent VT and sudden cardiac death

Answer 23

ICD
amiodarone
sotalol
catheter ablation

Question 24

what is the treatment of ventricular fibrillation

Answer 24

defibrillation
epinephrine
amiodarone
lidocaine

Question 25

what do class 1 antiarrhythmics affect

Answer 25

sodium channel blockers

Question 26

what are the class 1a antiarrhythmics

Answer 26

quinidine, procainamide

Question 27

what are the class 1b antiarrhythmics

Answer 27

lidocaine, phenytoin

Question 28

what are the class 1c antiarrhythmics

Answer 28

flecainide, propafenone

Question 29

what do class 4 antiarrhythmics do

Answer 29

calcium channel blockersw

Question 30

what are the class 4 antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 30

verapamil, dilitiazem

Question 31

what do the class 3 antiarrhythmics do

Answer 31

potassium channel blockers

Question 32

what are the class 3 antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 32

amiodarone sotalol

Question 33

what do the class 2 antiarrhythmics do

Answer 33

beta blocker

Question 34

what are the class 2 antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 34

propranolol metoprolol