Arrhythmias and Drugs Flashcards Preview

Cardiovasular System > Arrhythmias and Drugs > Flashcards

Flashcards in Arrhythmias and Drugs Deck (21)
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1
Q

what 5 drugs do you use for hypertension

A

alpha blocker, beta blockers, calcium blockers, diuretics and ACE inhibitors

2
Q

what are the 2 causes of bradycardia

A
  • sinus bradycardia where the SAN slows down either due to intrinsic or extrinsic factors
  • conduction block in the AVN or bundle of His
3
Q

what causes tachycardia

A
  • ectopic pacemaker activity
  • after depolarisation
  • re-enter loops
4
Q

what causes the production of ectopic pacemaker areas

A

damage to the myocardium e.g. from ischaemia or stretching due to mitral stenosis

5
Q

what is early after depolarisation

A

where another depolarisation occurs because the cell has finished repolarising

6
Q

what is delayed after depolarisation

A

where another action potential occurs too quickly whist during the rest period

7
Q

what is supraventricular tachycardia

A

tachycardia arising due to problems in the AVN or atria

8
Q

how does VF cause a reduced CO

A

due to reduced filling

9
Q

what are the 4 types of anti-arrhythmic drugs

A
  • sodium blockers
  • beta blockers
  • potassium blocker
  • calcium blocker
10
Q

how do sodium blockers work and give an example of one

A

block sodium channels during depolarisation so that another action potential can’t occur too soon. they then depolarise in time for the next AP. e.g. lidocaine

11
Q

how do beta blockers work and give an example of one

A

block the sympathetic input to the heart e.g. proponalol

12
Q

how do potassium blockers work and give an example of one

A

prolong the action potential, lengthening the absolute refractory period e.g. amiodarone

13
Q

how do calcium blockers work

A

decrease the slope of APs at the SAN, decrease AVN conduction and decrease force of contraction

14
Q

give 3 examples of anti-thrombic drugs

A

heparin, warfarin and aspirin

15
Q

what does adenosine do

A

blocks alpha 1 receptors, terminating supraventricular tachycardias

16
Q

what would you treat angina with

A

beta blockers, calcium blockers and organic nitrates

17
Q

how do organic nitrates work

A

venodilation and dilation of coronary collateral arteries

18
Q

what do you treat heart failure with

A

cardiac glycosides, beta agonists and ACE inhibitors

19
Q

how do cardiac glycosides work

A

inhibit Na/K ATPase so the intracellular calcium increases. this slows down the NCX causing an increase of calcium which is stored in the SER and gives a greater force of contraction

20
Q

give an example of a beta agonist

A

dobutamine

21
Q

give an example of a cardiac glycoside

A

digoxin