arrt review: lower extremities

Question 1

CR angle for toes, foot, knee

Answer 1

toes = 15 cephalic
foot = 10 cephalic
knee = 5 cephalic/caudad

Question 2

CR centering for toes vs fingers vs thumb

Answer 2

toes = MTP joint in question
finger = PIP
thumb = 1st MCP

Question 3

positioning, CR angle/centering for tangential projection

Answer 3

dorsiflex foot 15-20 degrees
CR perpendicular, center at first MTP

Question 4

plantar surface of foot is ___________
dorsal surface of foot is ___________

Answer 4

plantar = bottom, dorsal = top of foot

Question 5

as opposed to mortise view, 45 degree oblique ankle will demonstrate what?

Answer 5

distal tibiofibular joint

Question 6

dorsiflexion description

Answer 6

toes up

Question 7

plantar flexion description

Answer 7

toes down (ballerina feet)

Question 8

degree of obliquity for oblique foot, mortise ankle, oblique (normal) ankle

Answer 8

oblique foot = 30-40
mortise = 15-20
oblique (normal) = 45

Question 9

is obliquity for foot/ankle medial or lateral rotation?

Answer 9

medial

Question 10

how do you identify over rotation on a lateral ankle?

Answer 10

*

Question 11

degree of bend for lateral knee

Answer 11

20-30 degrees

Question 12

CR centering for AP knee

Answer 12

1/2 inch distal to apex of patella

Question 13

CR centering for lateral knee

Answer 13

1 inch distal to medial epicondyle

Question 14

tube angle for AP knee categories

Answer 14

less than 19 cm
19-24 cm
greater than 24 cm

Question 15

degree of rotation for AP knee

Answer 15

3-5 degree medial

Question 16

CR angle and direction for lateral knee

Answer 16

5-7 cephalic

Question 17

tunnel views demonstrate what?

Answer 17

intercondylar fossa

Question 18

Camp Coventry positioning

Answer 18

patient prone, knee flexed 40-50 degrees

femur flat on table

Question 19

Camp Coventry CR angle

Answer 19

40-50 degrees caudad (matching knee)

Question 20

Camp Coventry CR centering

Answer 20

center of knee joint

Question 21

what does Camp Coventry demonstrate?

Answer 21

intercondylar fossa/tunnel view

Question 22

what does Holmblad demonstrate?

Answer 22

intercondylar fossa/tunnel view

Question 23

what does Beclere demonstrate?

Answer 23

intercondylar fossa/tunnel view

Question 24

Between Camp Conventry, Holmblad, and Beclere, which are PA and which are AP?

Answer 24

CC and Holmblad = PA
Beclere = AP

Question 25

Holmblad positioning

Answer 25

patient prone, knee flexed 60-70 degrees lower leg flat on table

Question 26

Holmblad CR angle

Answer 26

perpendicular

Question 27

Holmblad CR centering

Answer 27

midpopliteal crease

Question 28

Beclere positioning

Answer 28

patient supine (AP), knee flexed 40-45 degrees

Question 29

Beclere CR angle

Answer 29

perpendicular to lower leg (approx. 40-45 degrees cephalic)

Question 30

Beclere CR centering

Answer 30

1/2 inch dital to apex of patella

Question 31

What does Merchant demonstrate?

Answer 31

tangential patella

Question 32

What does Settegast demonstrate?

Answer 32

tangential patella

Question 33

Merchant positioning

Answer 33

patient sitting with Merchant board, knees flexed 40 degrees

Question 34

Merchant CR angle

Answer 34

30 caudad from horizontal

Question 35

Merchant centering

Answer 35

midway between patellae

Question 36

Settegast prone positioning

Answer 36

patient prone, knee flexed 90 degrees

Question 37

Settegast prone CR angle

Answer 37

tangential to patellofemoral space (15-20 from lower leg going cephalic)

Question 38

Settegast prone CR centering

Answer 38

to patellofemoral space

Question 39

Settegast sitting positioning

Answer 39

patient sitting, 40-45 degree knee flexion

Question 40

Settegast sitting CR angle

Answer 40

10-15 degrees cephalic from lower leg

Question 41

Settegast sitting CR centering

Answer 41

to patellofemoral joint

Question 42

knee flexion Camp Coventry Holmblad Beclere Merchant Settegast prone Settegast sitting

Answer 42

CC = 40-45 Holmblad = 60-70 Beclere = 40-45 Merchant = 40 Settegast prone = 90 Settegast sitting = 40-45

Question 43

knee flexion tangential patella views Merchant Settegast prone Settegast sitting

Answer 43

Merchant = 40 Settegast prone = 90 Settegast sitting = 40-45

Question 44

knee flexion tunnel views Camp Coventry Holmblad Beclere

Answer 44

CC = 40-45 Holmblad = 60-70 Beclere = 40-45