Assessment of heart sounds Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is S1 heart sound associated with?
Occurs near the beginning of ventricular contraction (systole) when the tricuspid and mitral valves close
Why can the closing of the tricuspid valve be louder in some patients?
Due to increased pressure past the valve in patients with pulmonary hypertension
In which conditions may louder S1 sounds be heard?
- Anemia
- Fever
- Hyperthyroidism
What effect does a stenosed mitral valve have on S1 heart sounds?
It results in a louder S1
How can fibrosis or calcification of the mitral valve affect S1 heart sounds?
It can lead to decreased S1 heart sounds
Which conditions can diminish S1 heart sounds?
- Obesity
- Emphysema
- Cardiac tamponade
What is considered abnormal regarding the closing of the tricuspid and mitral valves?
Any delay in closing, heard as a split sound
What occurs near the end of ventricular contraction?
S2 heart sounds
S2 heart sounds are associated with the closure of the pulmonary and aortic valves.
What may cause a louder S2 sound when closing?
Chronic high blood pressure or pulmonary hypertension
These conditions result in a higher closing pressure for the valves.
What effect does hypotension have on S2 sounds?
Decreased S2 sound
Hypotension leads to a reduction in the intensity of heart sounds.
What can cause a split S2 sound?
Right bundle branch block
This condition delays the closure of the pulmonic valve.
What happens when there is a left bundle branch block?
The aortic valve closes more slowly than the pulmonic valve
This can lead to variations in heart sound timing.
What is the name for the sequence S1, S2, S3 heard in adults?
Gallop rhythm
It is named for its resemblance to the sound of a horse galloping.
What is S3 in the context of the heart?
S3 is a heart sound heard in early ventricular diastole.
What causes the S3 heart sound?
S3 is caused by vibration of the ventricular walls during rapid ventricular filling.
What condition is often associated with the S3 heart sound?
Heart failure.
What is S4?
A rare heart sound heard just before S1
What causes S4?
Turbulent filling of a stiff ventricle as seen in hypertrophy and possibly myocardial infarction
What is a murmur?
An abnormal whooshing-like sound associated with turbulent blood flow through the heart valves
What can cause turbulent blood flow that leads to a murmur?
Turbulent blood flow can occur from:
* Increased blood flow across a normal valve
* Flow across an irregular or constricted valve
* Blood flow into an enlarged chamber of the heart
* Blood flow going backward through a compromised valve
