Associations 7 Flashcards
1
Q
Normal weight gain in baby
A
Doubles at 4 months
Triples at 1 year
Quadruples at 2 years
About 5 lb/year from 2 yo to adolescence
2
Q
Normal height gain in baby
A
50% increase in 1 year
Doubles at 2 years
Triples at 13 years
About 2 in/year from 2 yo to adolescence
3
Q
Reflexes should disappear by what age
A
6 months
4
Q
Extension of head causes extension and flexion of limbs, “startle” reflex
A
Moro
5
Q
Placing finger in palm causes grabbing
A
Grasp
6
Q
Rubbing cheek causes turning of head to stimulus
A
Rooting
7
Q
When head is turned, arm on faced side extends and other arm flexes (fencer’s position)
A
Tonic neck
8
Q
Rubbing foot dorsum causes stepping motion
A
Placing
9
Q
Best sleep position
A
On back to prevent SIDS
10
Q
When to start solid foods
A
4 months (iron fortified cereal) - 6 months (fruits/veggies)
11
Q
When to start cow’s milk
A
12 months
12
Q
When to start seeing dentist
A
2-3 years
13
Q
Amount of TV
A
<1 hour) screen time / day
14
Q
HepB vax
A
3 (birth, 1-2 months, 12-18 months)
15
Q
Rota vax
A
3 (2, 4, 6 months)
16
Q
DTaP vax
A
5 (2, 4, 6, 15-18 months, 4-6 years)
Then switch to TDaP at 11-12 years
17
Q
Hib vax
A
4 (2, 4, 6, 12-15 months)
18
Q
PCV vax
A
4 (2, 4, 6, 12-15 months)
19
Q
IPV vax
A
4 (2, 4, 6-15 months, 4-6 years)
20
Q
MMR vax
A
2 (12-15 months, 4-6 years)
21
Q
VZV vax
A
2 (12-15 months, 4-6 years)
22
Q
HepA vax
A
2 (series of 2 between 12-24 months)
23
Q
MCV4 vax
A
2 (11-12 years, 13-18 years)
24
Q
HPV vax
A
3 (series of 3 starting at 11-12 years)
25
Influenza vaccine for kids
Annually starting at 6 months
26
Vaccines at birth
Hep B
27
Vaccines at 2/4/6 months
Rotavirus, DTaP, Hib, PCV
Hep B 2nd btwn 1-2 months
IPV at 2, 4, 3rd between 6-15 months
28
Vaccines at 12 months
Hep B, Hib, PCV, MMR, VZV
3rd IPV between 6-15 months
HepA x2 between 12-24 months
29
Vaccines at 4-6 years
DTaP, IPV, MMR, VZV
30
Age of anterior fontanelle closure
96% by 24 months (38% by 12 months, 1% by 3 months)
31
Signs of dehydration in children
```
Skin turgor
Mucus membranes
Tears
Fontanelle
Irritable (moderate) or lethargic (severe)
HR, cap refill, urinary output
```
32
Questions to ask adolescent at normal exam
```
SHADESSS
Strengths
Home environment
Activities
Drugs
Education, employment
Sexual activity
Suicidal ideation
Safety
```
33
Calories in breast milk/formula, calorie requirements for infants <6 months
20 kcal/oz
| 100-120 kcal/kg/day
34
Diffuse swelling or edema of scalp of newborn that crosses suture line
Caput succedaneum (resolves in a few days)
35
Subperisteal hemorrhage (swelling/edema of scalp that does not cross suture line)
Cephalohematoma (resolves in weeks to months), often after vacuum delivery
36
Tall, thin male w/ testicular atrophy, gynecomastia
Klinefelter syndrome (47 XXY)
37
Tall male w/ significant acne, mild mental retardation
47 XYY
38
Tall female w/ small head circumference, mild mental retardation, menstrual abnormalities
47 XXX
39
MR + craniofacial abnormalities + vision/hearing abnl + simian crease on palms + cervical spine instability
Down Syndrome (trisomy 21)
40
DS associated conditions
ALL
GI - duodenal atresia, Hirschprung, annular pancreas, celiac disease
Alzheimer disease
Cardiac defects
41
Severe MR + rocker-bottom feet + overlapping fingers + cardiac and GI abnormalities
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
42
Severe MR + cleft lip/palate + polydactyly + cardiac and CNS defects
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
43
Male w/ prominent jaw, large ears, macroorchidism, mental retardation
Fragile X syndrome
44
MC genetic causes MR
Fragile X syndrome (males)
| DS (overall)
45
High-pitched, catlike cry
Cri-du-chat syndrome (deletion 5p)
46
Overreating, obesity, decreased muscle tone and problems feeding in infancy
Prader-Willi syndrome (deletion of paternal allele)
47
Ataxia, happy mood, unprovoked laughter
Angelman syndrome (deletion of maternal allele)
48
Cleft palate + significant overbite + speech disorders + cardiac defects + mild mental retardation + possible T-cell deficiency and hypocalcemia
Velocardiofacial syndrome (associated with DiGeorge syndrome)
49
"Elfin facies" (short, upturned nose w/ long philtrum) + mental retardation + cardiac defects + cheerful, friendly personality
Williams syndrome
50
Lump in lateral neck that doesn't move w/ swallowing
Brachial cleft cyst
51
Lump in midline neck that moves w/ swallowing
Thyroglossal duct cyst (often assoc w/ ectopic thyroid tissue)
52
Short palpebral fissure + thin upper lip + smooth philtrum + flattened midface + <10th percentile in height, weight, HC
Fetal alcohol syndrome
53
Distinctive brown, fibrous plaque on forehead in infancy + ash leaf spots + shagreen patch + facial angiofibromas + seizures + subependymal nodules
Tuberous sclerosis
54
Glycogen storage disease w/ lactic acidosis, hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia (gout)
Type I (Von Gierke's disease)
55
Glycogen storage disease w/ diaphragm weakness leading to respiratory failure
Type II (Pompe disease, adult type)
56
Glycogen storage disease w/ increased glycogen in liver, severe fasting hypoglycemia
Type I (Von Gierke's disease)
57
Glycogen storage disease w/ hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia (but normal kidneys, uric acid, lactic acid)
Type III (Cori disease)
58
Glycogen storage disease w/ painful muscle cramps, myoglobinuria w/ strenuous exercise
Type V (McArdle's disease)
59
Glycogen storage disease w/ severe hepatosplenomegaly and enlarged kidneys
Type I (Von Gierke's disease)
60
Vitamin deficiency causing increased RBC fragility
Vitamin E
61
Vitamin deficiency causing dermatitis, cheilosis, glossitis
Vitamin B2, B3 (niacin), B9 (folate), B12, iron
62
Vitamin deficiency causing peripheral neuropathy, angular cheilosis, glossitis
Vitamin B12
63
Vitamin deficiency causing hemorrhagic disease
Vitamin K
64
Vitamin deficiency causing NTD
Vitamin B9 (folate)
65
Vitamin deficiency causing dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
Pellagra - Vitamin B3 (niacin)
66
Vitamin deficiency causing megaloblastic anemia
Vitamin B9 (folate), B12
67
Vitamin deficiency causing pernicious anemia
Vitamin B12
68
Vitamin deficiency causing Bitot's spots, keratomalacia, xerophthalmia
Vitamin A
69
Vitamin deficiency causing osteomalacia
Vitamin D
70
Vitamin deficiency causing rickets
Vitamin D
71
Vitamin used to treat acne
Vitamin A
72
Vitamin used to treat psoriasis
Vitamin A
| Topical vitamin D (calcipotriene)
73
Vitamin deficiency resulting from kidney disease
Vitamin D
74
Vitamin given prophylactically to newborns
Vitamin K
75
Vitamin used to elevate HDL and lower LDL
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
76
Vitamin deficiency caused by isoniazid use
Vitamin B6
77
Vitamin w/ cobalt
Vitamin B12
78
Vitamin requiring intrinsic factor for absorption
Vitamin B12
79
Vitamin involved in hydroxylation of prolyl residues
Vitamin C
