Asterids

Question 1

What features define the asterids?

Answer 1

Petals united
Stamen number usually less than or equal to petal number
Ovules with one integument
Megasporangium thin walled

Question 2

What are the main branches in the Asterid lineage?

Answer 2

Cornales
Ericales
Lamiids
Campanulids

Question 3

Where is the ovary usually located in Lamiids?

Answer 3

Superior

Question 4

Where is the ovary usually located in Campanulids?

Answer 4

Inferior

Question 5

Which taxa of the Lamiids are native to the UK?

Answer 5

Gentianales
Solanales
Boraginales
Lamiales

Question 6

Which taxa of the Campanulids are native to the UK?

Answer 6

Aquifoliales
Asterales
Apiales
Dipsacales

Question 7

Describe the features of Cornaceae.

Answer 7

Leaves opposite
Stipules absent
Elastic vascular tissue
Inferior ovary

Question 8

What is the common name of Cornaceae?

Answer 8

Dogwood

Question 9

What is the floral formula of the Cornaceae?

Answer 9

So, K(4), C4, A4, Gi(2), drupe

Question 10

Describe the features of Ericaceae.

Answer 10

Leaves usually alternate
Stipules absent
Flower nodding
Corolla cylindrical or urceolate
Usually axile placentation

Question 11

What is the floral formula of the Ericaceae?

Answer 11

So/z, K{4-5}, C(4-5), A4-10, Gs/i(2-10), capsule, berry, drupe

Question 12

What tribes can the Ericaceae subfamily Monotrpoideae be divided into?

Answer 12

Monotropeae
Pterosporeae
Pyroleae

Question 13

What are some UK native genera of Pyroleae?

Answer 13

Pyrola
Moneses
Orthilia

Question 14

Give a UK native genera of Monotropeae.

Answer 14

Hypopitys

Question 15

What type of organism are Monotropeae?

Answer 15

Mycoparasites

Question 16

What are some UK native genera of Ericoideae?

Answer 16

Arbutus
Arctous
Arctostaphylos
Kalmia
Phyllodoce
Daboecia
Empetrum
Calluna
Erica
Rhododendron
Andromeda
Vaccinium

Question 17

Describe the features of Primulaceae.

Answer 17

UK natives are herbs
Leaves alternate
Stipules absent
Stamens 4-5, opposite corolla lobes, attached to corolla tube
Ovary superior, with free central placentation

Question 18

What is the floral formula of Primulaceae?

Answer 18

So, K(5), (C(5), A(5)), Gs(5), capsule

Question 19

What are some UK native genera of Primulaceae?

Answer 19

Primula
Hottonia
Lysimachia
Samolus
Trientalis

Question 20

What is heterostyly?

Answer 20

When a species has multiple morphological types of flower, which differ in length of pistil and stamen

Question 21

What flower types exist in distylous species?

Answer 21

Pin - Short stamen, long pistil

Thrum - Long stamen, short pistil

Question 22

What genera is known for being distylous?

Answer 22

Primula

Question 23

What features define the Lamiids?

Answer 23

Entire leaf margins
Fusion of stamen filaments with corolla tube
Ovary superior
Fruit capsule or berry

Question 24

What order of Asterid are the Rubiaceae in?

Answer 24

Gentianales

Question 25

What is the floral formula of Rubiaceae?

Answer 25

So, K(4-5), (C(4), A4), Gi(2), capsule, berry

Question 26

What are some UK native genera of Rubiaceae?

Answer 26

``` Rubia Gallum Cruciata Asperula Sherardia ```

Question 27

What order of Asterid are the Boraginaceae in?

Answer 27

Boraginales

Question 28

Describe the features of the Boraginaceae.

Answer 28

Leaves alternate Stipules absent Vegetative parts often unpleasantly bristly Inflorescence a scorpioid cyme

Question 29

What is the floral formula of the Boraginaceae?

Answer 29

So, K(5), (C(5), A5), Gs(2), capsule, schizocarp of 2/4 nutlets

Question 30

What feature is seen in the corolla of Boraginaceae?

Answer 30

A pH change resulting in colour change as it opens

Question 31

Give some UK native genera of Boraginaceae.

Answer 31

``` Cynoglossum Symphytum Anchusa Pulmonaria Myosotis Lithospermum Mertensia Echium ```

Question 32

What features define most of the Lamiales? (excludes Plocospermataceae, Carlemanniaceae, Oleaceae and Trtrachondraceae)

Answer 32

Upper lobe - 2 united petals Lower lobe - 3 united petals Stamens didynamous - 2+2

Question 33

Describe the features of Plantaginaceae.

Answer 33

``` Herbs Leaves usually alternate Stipules absent Head of hairs lacking vertical partitions Stamens didynamous usually Mostly actinomorphic flowers Placentation axile Capsule with many seeds ```

Question 34

What is the floral formula of the Plantaginaceae?

Answer 34

So/z, K(4-5), (C(2+3)or(4), A2+2 or 2), Gs(2), capsule

Question 35

What are some UK native genera of Plantaginaceae?

Answer 35

``` Cymbalaria Linaria Sibthorpia Hippuris Callitriche Digitalis Veronica Littorella Plantago ```

Question 36

What are some UK native genera of Scrophulariaceae?

Answer 36

Verbascum Scrophularia Buddleja

Question 37

What are some UK native genera of Orobanchaceae?

Answer 37

Rhinanthus Euphrasia Orobanche

Question 38

Describe the features of the Lamiaceae?

Answer 38

``` Stems square Leaves opposite, decussate Stipules absent Flowers apparently in whorls Ovules 2 per carpel -> 4 seeds Calyx persistent Aromatic ```

Question 39

What is the floral formula of the Lamiaceae?

Answer 39

Sz, K(5), (C(2+3), A(2+3)), Gs(2), 4 nutlets

Question 40

Give some UK native genera of the Lamiaceae and describe the flower in each case.

Answer 40

Corolla lobes equal - Mentha, Lycopus, Thymus Upper lip 0 or nearly so - Teucrium, Ajuga Upper liplower - Lamiastrum, Galeopsis Lateral lobes reduced - Lamium Calyx 2 lobed - Scutellaria

Question 41

What features define the Campanulids?

Answer 41

Often serrate leaf margins Inferior ovaries Free stamens Fruit indehiscent

Question 42

Describe the Asteraceae.

Answer 42

Leaves alternate Stipules absent Inflorescence a capitulum Anthers usually united

Question 43

What is the floral formula of the Asteraceae?

Answer 43

So/z, Kn, (C(5), A(5)), Gi(2), achene

Question 44

What type of flowers exist in the capitulum of Asteraceae?

Answer 44

Ray flower | Disc flower

Question 45

What types of genera of Asteraceae are native to the UK?

Answer 45

Thistles Dandelions Everlasting firs Daisies

Question 46

Describe the Apiaceae.

Answer 46

Herbs Leaves alternate, usually highly dissected Stipules usually absent Inflorescence an umbel, usually compound

Question 47

What is the floral formula of the Apiaceae?

Answer 47

So/z, Ko/5, C5, A5, Gi(2), schizocarp

Question 48

In Apiaceae the basal part of the style is often enlarged, what is this known as?

Answer 48

Stylopodium

Question 49

In Apiaceae the fruit is often attached to a central stalk, what is this known as?

Answer 49

Carpophore