Atoms

Question 1

What are atoms?

Answer 1

Microscopic entities that constitute all matter.

Question 2

How many types of atoms are known?

Answer 2

118 types of atoms.

Question 3

How many types of atoms are found naturally on Earth?

Answer 3

98 types.

Question 4

What are elements?

Answer 4

Substances composed of only one type of atom.

Question 5

What is a molecular element?

Answer 5

Composed of multiple same non-metal atoms.

Question 6

What are compounds?

Answer 6

Formed by combining different elements.

Question 7

What does sodium chloride (NaCl) consist of?

Answer 7

A sodium atom and a chlorine atom.

Question 8

What does glucose (C6H12O6) consist of?

Answer 8

6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms.

Question 9

What are the three types of subatomic particles?

Answer 9

• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons

Question 10

Where are protons located?

Answer 10

In the nucleus.

Question 11

What charge do neutrons have?

Answer 11

Neutrally charged.

Question 12

Where are electrons located?

Answer 12

Outside the nucleus, forming an electron cloud.

Question 13

What forms the atomic nucleus?

Answer 13

Protons and neutrons.

Question 14

What is the atomic number?

Answer 14

The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.

Question 15

What determines the type of atom and its element?

Answer 15

The atomic number.

Question 16

What is the mass number?

Answer 16

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Question 17

What information is arranged on the periodic table?

Answer 17

• Chemical symbol
• Atomic number
• Atomic mass

Question 18

What does a Bohr diagram represent?

Answer 18

The atomic structure and electron configuration.

Question 19

How many electrons can the first shell hold?

Answer 19

2 electrons.

Question 20

How many electrons can the second shell hold?

Answer 20

8 electrons.

Question 21

What is the nuclear force?

Answer 21

A strong attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the atomic nucleus.

Question 22

What is a cation?

Answer 22

Formed when an atom loses electrons, becoming positively charged.

Question 23

What is an anion?

Answer 23

Formed when an atom gains electrons, becoming negatively charged.

Question 24

What leads to the formation of ions?

Answer 24

Atoms seeking stability by having full electron shells.

Question 25

What happens when a sodium atom loses one electron?

Answer 25

It forms a cation with a charge of +1.

Question 26

What happens when a chlorine atom gains one electron?

Answer 26

It becomes chloride (Cl-).

Question 27

What is static electricity?

Answer 27

An imbalance of electrical charges created by transferring electrons from one atom to another.

Question 28

Why does an atom not change into a different element when it gains or loses electrons?

Answer 28

An element is defined by the number of protons in the nucleus.

Question 29

What causes electrons to stay in an atom?

Answer 29

Because the nucleus in the center of the atom is positively charged and attracts the negatively charged electrons.

Question 30

What was the significance of Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment?

Answer 30

Led to the development of the 'nuclear model' of the atom.

Question 31

What did the plum pudding model propose?

Answer 31

Atoms are composed of electrons scattered within a 'soup' of positive charge.

Question 32

What are the characteristics of metals?

Answer 32

* Lustrous * Good conductors of heat and electricity * Malleable * Ductile

Question 33

What are the characteristics of non-metals?

Answer 33

* Dull * Not good conductors of heat and electricity * Brittle * Solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature

Question 34

Fill in the blank: Atoms seek stability by having full electron _______.

Answer 34

[shells]