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Flashcards in Atoms Deck (47)
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1
Q

What is an atom?

A

The fundamental building block of all materials

2
Q

What is the atom made up of?

A

It consists of a cluster of protons and neutrons in a nucleus surrounded by electrons on electron shells

3
Q

What is the atomic model?

A

Scientists representation of an atom determined by experiment and indirect observation

4
Q

What is in the nucleus?

A

Neutrons and protons

5
Q

Where are the electrons in an atom?

A

They circle around the nucleus on electron shells

6
Q

What is an ion and how does it happen?

A

A charged atom, when an object is rubbed or knocked electrons can be gained or lost. There is an imbalance in the electrons and it becomes negatively o positively charged

7
Q

What charge is a proton?

A

Positive

8
Q

What charge is an electron?

A

Negative

9
Q

What charge is a neutron?

A

Neutral

10
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons and electrons in the atom, number determines what type of atom it is

11
Q

What is an atomic symbol?

A

A short hand for the atom, it has the chemical symbol, atomic number and mass number

12
Q

What is an electron?

A

A small negatively charged particle, they surround an atom

13
Q

What is electron configuration?

A

The number of electrons in each electron shell

14
Q

What is an electron shell?

A

Part of the electron cloud , holds a certain number of electrons and circles around nucleus

15
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance made up of one type of atom

16
Q

What is a mass number?

A

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom

17
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

A cluster of neutrons and protons at the centre of an atom

18
Q

What is the periodic table?

A

A table showing all 118 known types of atoms

19
Q

Does the number of protons equal the number of electrons?

A

Yes

20
Q

What is the first twenty elements of the periodic table?

A
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium 
Beryllium 
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen 
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Chlorine 
Argon
Potassium 
Calcium
21
Q

What is the periodic table organised into?

A

Groups and periods

22
Q

What are groups?

A

Every column is a group, they are organised in groups because they behave similarly in a chemical reaction and they all have the same amount of electrons in their outer shell.

23
Q

What are periods?

A

Every horizontal row is a period, they are organised this way because they have the same number of electron shells

24
Q

What is the symbol and number for hydrogen?

A

H, 1

25
Q

What is the symbol and number for helium?

A

He, 2

26
Q

What is the symbol and number for lithium?

A

Li,3

27
Q

What is the symbol and number for beryllium?

A

Be, 4

28
Q

What is the symbol and number for boron?

A

B,5

29
Q

What is the symbol and number for carbon?

A

C, 6

30
Q

What is the symbol and number for nitrogen?

A

N,7

31
Q

What is the symbol and number for oxygen?

A

O,8

32
Q

What is the symbol and number for fluorine?

A

F,9

33
Q

What is the symbol and number for neon?

A

Ne, 10

34
Q

What is the symbol and number for sodium?

A

Na, 11

35
Q

What is the symbol and number for magnesium?

A

Mg,12

36
Q

What is the symbol and number for aluminium?

A

Al,13

37
Q

What is the symbol and number for silicon?

A

Si,14

38
Q

What is the symbol and number for phosphorus?

A

P,15

39
Q

What is the symbol and number for Sulfur?

A

S,16

40
Q

What is the symbol and number for chlorine?

A

Cl,17

41
Q

What is the symbol and number for argon?

A

Ar,18

42
Q

What is the symbol and number for potassium?

A

K,19

43
Q

What is the symbol and number for calcium?

A

Ca,20

44
Q

What are the nine groups of the periodic table?

A
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Transition metals
Metalloids
Non metals
Halogens
Noble gases
Lanthanide series
Actinide series
45
Q

How many electrons can the first shell hold?

A

2

46
Q

How many electrons can the second and third shell hold?

A

8

47
Q

What are subatomic particles?

A

Neutrons, protons and electrons