What is an atom?
The fundamental building block of all materials
What is the atom made up of?
It consists of a cluster of protons and neutrons in a nucleus surrounded by electrons on electron shells
What is the atomic model?
Scientists representation of an atom determined by experiment and indirect observation
What is in the nucleus?
Neutrons and protons
Where are the electrons in an atom?
They circle around the nucleus on electron shells
What is an ion and how does it happen?
A charged atom, when an object is rubbed or knocked electrons can be gained or lost. There is an imbalance in the electrons and it becomes negatively o positively charged
What charge is a proton?
Positive
What charge is an electron?
Negative
What charge is a neutron?
Neutral
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons and electrons in the atom, number determines what type of atom it is
What is an atomic symbol?
A short hand for the atom, it has the chemical symbol, atomic number and mass number
What is an electron?
A small negatively charged particle, they surround an atom
What is electron configuration?
The number of electrons in each electron shell
What is an electron shell?
Part of the electron cloud , holds a certain number of electrons and circles around nucleus
What is an element?
A substance made up of one type of atom
What is a mass number?
The number of protons and neutrons in an atom
What is the nucleus?
A cluster of neutrons and protons at the centre of an atom
What is the periodic table?
A table showing all 118 known types of atoms
Does the number of protons equal the number of electrons?
Yes
What is the first twenty elements of the periodic table?
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium
What is the periodic table organised into?
Groups and periods
What are groups?
Every column is a group, they are organised in groups because they behave similarly in a chemical reaction and they all have the same amount of electrons in their outer shell.
What are periods?
Every horizontal row is a period, they are organised this way because they have the same number of electron shells
What is the symbol and number for hydrogen?
H, 1
What is the symbol and number for helium?
He, 2
What is the symbol and number for lithium?
Li,3
What is the symbol and number for beryllium?
Be, 4
What is the symbol and number for boron?
B,5
What is the symbol and number for carbon?
C, 6
What is the symbol and number for nitrogen?
N,7
What is the symbol and number for oxygen?
O,8
What is the symbol and number for fluorine?
F,9
What is the symbol and number for neon?
Ne, 10
What is the symbol and number for sodium?
Na, 11
What is the symbol and number for magnesium?
Mg,12
What is the symbol and number for aluminium?
Al,13
What is the symbol and number for silicon?
Si,14
What is the symbol and number for phosphorus?
P,15
What is the symbol and number for Sulfur?
S,16
What is the symbol and number for chlorine?
Cl,17
What is the symbol and number for argon?
Ar,18
What is the symbol and number for potassium?
K,19
What is the symbol and number for calcium?
Ca,20
What are the nine groups of the periodic table?
Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Transition metals Metalloids Non metals Halogens Noble gases Lanthanide series Actinide series
How many electrons can the first shell hold?
2
How many electrons can the second and third shell hold?
8
What are subatomic particles?
Neutrons, protons and electrons