Atoms and Bonding

Question 1

Atoms are…

Answer 1

the smallest particle of matter

Question 2

Every atom is made up of ____ different types of particles

Answer 2

3

Question 3

In the nucleus there are ____ and _____

Answer 3

Protons, neutrons

Question 4

Protons are positively charged, negatively charged, or uncharged ?

Answer 4

Positively charged

Question 5

Neutrons are positively charged, negatively charged, or uncharged ?

Answer 5

uncharged

Question 6

Flying around the nucleus are _____

Answer 6

electrons

Question 7

Electrons are positively charged, negatively charged, or uncharged ?

Answer 7

negatively charged

Question 8

The atomic number of an element is _____

Answer 8

the amount of protons

Question 9

The atomic mass of an atom is the number of…

Answer 9

protons + neutrons

Question 10

Do electrons have a mass?

Answer 10

No, they are so small that they effectively have no mass so we do not include them in the atomic mass

Question 11

What are ions?

Answer 11

Ions are atoms that have lost or gained electrons

Question 12

If you gain or lose _____ it affects the overall electrical charge of an atom.

Answer 12

electrons

Question 13

Are ions naturally electrically charged?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

An isotope of an element is ….

Answer 14

a variation of that element that has a different number of neutrons

Question 15

Does an isotope change an atoms atomic mass?

Answer 15

Yes, because the number of neutrons is different, and neutrons carry mass

Question 16

an example of an isotope is?

Answer 16

Carbon-12 to Carbon-13

Carbon-12 is the most common type of carbon, which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. If a carbon atom forms that has an extra neutron then that is called Carbon-13.

Question 17

Carbon-12 has ____ protons and ____ neutrons

Answer 17

6 and 6

Question 18

Is Carbon- 12 the most common type of carbon?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

Why is carbon-13 an isotope of Carbon-12?

Answer 19

Because the Carbon atom carries one more neutron, and thus has a larger mass.

Question 20

What can Isotopes be used for?

Answer 20

to determine how old things are

Question 21

Is Carbon-14 used to date archeological materials?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

When two or more atoms become linked together, that is called…

Answer 22

chemical bonding

Question 23

Chemical bonding is when ____ or more atoms ____ together.

Answer 23

2, link

Question 24

After two or more atoms are chemically bonded, the resulting arrangement of atoms is called a…

Answer 24

molecule

Question 25

what is a molecule?

Answer 25

a group of atoms bonded together

Question 26

What are two different ways/processes of chemical bonding?

Answer 26

ionic bonding and covalent bonding

Question 27

An ionic bond happens when

Answer 27

an atom that has a very strong positive charge in its nucleus attracts electrons from other atoms. The atom that steals an electron will become negatively charged, and the atom that loses an electron will become positively charged. Consequently, they will be stuck together because of their opposite charges like a magnet.

Question 28

if you have an atom that steals an electron from another atom, the thief atom will become _______ charged and the victim atom will become ______ charged.

Answer 28

negatively, positively

Question 29

In a covalent bond the two atoms _____ electrons.

Answer 29

share

Question 30

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 30

When two atoms share electrons in a giant electrons cloud.

Question 31

What is a mineral mineral that is bonded by ionic bonding?

Answer 31

Halite (table salt)

Question 32

Table salt is made up of sodium and chloride atoms that are ______ together by an ionic bond.

Answer 32

bonded

Question 33

Are ionic bonds strong, moderately strong, or weak?

Answer 33

moderately strong

Question 34

Does the strength of the bond affect the strength of the mineral?

Answer 34

Yes, a moderately strong bond such as an ionic bond creates a moderately strong mineral

Question 35

What is the strongest type of bonding?

Answer 35

covalent bonding

Question 36

What is a mineral that is covalently bonded?

Answer 36

diamond

Question 37

What is a weak type of bonding?

Answer 37

metallic bonding

Question 38

What happens during metallic bonding?

Answer 38

The atoms are packed so tightly together, in the densest possible manner, that they kind of stick together.

Question 39

Is pure gold soft or hard? Why?

Answer 39

Soft because the gold atoms have been metallically bonded

Question 40

What is the weakest type of bonding?

Answer 40

Van Der Waals bonding

Question 41

Van De Waals bonding is a _____ attraction between atoms and molecules

Answer 41

weak

Question 42

In what mineral do we see Van Der Waals bonding?

Answer 42

Graphite. Just rubbing a pencil of graphite along a sheet of paper breaks the bonds, and the graphite rubs off onto the paper

Question 43

When you write the _____ of your hand breaks off a trail of carbon particles.

Answer 43

pressure

Question 44

As atoms bond together they form ______

Answer 44

Molecules

Question 45

Molecules combine to form a _______ ________ in minerals

Answer 45

crystal structure

Question 46

How does a crystal structure form?

Answer 46

when molecules combine

Question 47

Every mineral has a ______ crystal structure and chemical composition

Answer 47

definite

Question 48

Be3Al2Si6O18 is an example of emeralds....

Answer 48

chemical composition

Question 49

The atoms bond together in a specific ______ pattern.

Answer 49

geometric

Question 50

What two things constitute a minerals crystal structure?

Answer 50

a definite chemical composition a specific geometric pattern. Because the disparate atoms that make up the chemical composition are bonded together in a specific and unique way, the mineral has a specific geometric pattern.