Atoms-Molecules Flashcards
Subatomic Particles
- Protons (+) Charge
- Neutrons no Charge
- Electrons (-) Charge
Reside within the Atomic Nucleus
Elements
They cannot be broken down or converted to other substances.
- they have an atomic # that is determined by the # of protons in the nucleus.
- there are 92
Isotopes
When atoms of the same element have different #’s of neutrons.
- they can be radioactive
Electron Shells
Orbits held by electrons around a nucleus.
- 1st shell holds 2 electrons
- subsequent shells can hold 8 electrons
- shells allow for interactions with other atoms.
Molecules
Two or more atoms chemically joined
Compounds
A molecule that contains at least two different elements
Where do interactions happen on atoms?
In the outermost shell
- if outer shell is full-no reaction-inert
- if outer shell is not full-will react-reactive
How do atoms gain stability?
By reacting with another atom
- lose an electron- empty shell
- gain electron-fill shell
- share electron-so both atoms have a full shell
Chemical Reactions
Are the basis of life.
-making or breaking of chemical bonds.
Types of Chemical bonds
- ionic
- covalent
- hydrogen
- van dee walls interaction
Ionic Bonds
Formed between ions
- the atoms lose or gain electrons to become more stable. Therefore become slightly positive or negative.
- the oppositely charged ions are attracted to one another forming ionic bonds.
- water easily breaks these bonds
Ions
An atom which has gained or lost an electron.
- imbalance between protons and electrons
- slightly (+) or (-) charge
Covalent Bonds
When two atoms share an electron to both become more stable.
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
When electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electro negativity.
Polar Covalent Bonds
The unequal sharing of electrons between two differing electronegative atoms.
