ATP-dependent Pumps And Ion Exchangers (session 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump?

A

Forms Na+ and K+ gradients necessary for electrical excitability
Drives secondary active transport: control of pHi, regulation of cell volume, absorption of Na+ in epithelia

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2
Q

Why is high intracellular [Ca2+] toxic to cells?

A

Lots of phosphate in cells due to hydrolysis of ATP, calcium+phosphate=calcium phosphate and this leads to ossification

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3
Q

What are the primary active transport mechanisms for controlling resting [Ca2+]?

A

PMCA expels Ca2+ out of the cell

SERCA accumulates Ca2+ into SR/ER

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4
Q

What is the secondary active transport mechanism for controlling resting [Ca2+]?

A

NCX

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5
Q

What is the facilitated transport mechanism for controlling resting [Ca2+]?

A

Mitochondrial Ca2+ uniports

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6
Q

How many Na+ and Ca2+ does NCX exchange?

A

3 Na+ for every 1 Ca2+

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7
Q

Give examples of acid extruders in the control of cell pH

A

Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE)

Na+ dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (NBC=sodium bicarbonate cotransporter)

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8
Q

Give an example of a base extruder

A

Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (AE=anion exchanger)

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9
Q

What is NHE inhibited by?

A

Amiloride (potassium sparing diuretic-stops K+ entering urine)

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10
Q

Which enzyme induces apoptosis when [Ca2+] is too high?

A

Caspases

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