Flashcards in Auditory & Vestibular Deck (49)
1
what is hearing
neural perception of sound energy
2
what is sound
audible disturbance of molecules in a medium (air/water)
3
what kind of wave - sound
longitudinal
4
what is frequency and amplitude
frequency - pitch (low = low)
amplitude - volume (high/low pressure)
5
what is unit sound
decibel (dB)
6
what is audible range
~20Hz to 20kHz
7
what si the external ear for
air
collection
8
what si the middle ear for
bone
conc
9
what is the inner ear for
fluid
detection
10
what does the middle ear transmit
vibrations via ossicles to inner ear - mechanical concentrator and transmitter
11
what does inner ear transmit
cochlea traduces vibrations to electrical impulse
12
what are the layers of tymp mem
skin
CT
resp epi
13
name parts of ear
external ear
EAM
tymp mem
middle ear
middle ear ossicles
inner ear
IAM
cochlea
nasopharyngeal tube
14
what are the ossicles
tiny bones
malleus
incus
stapes
15
what are the ossicle joints
synovial joints
16
what si the conc of sound energy
big mem of tymp mem goes to small space meaning intensity and conc increase
not amplify
17
what fluid fills outer channels
perilymph
18
what fluid fills inner channels
endolymph
19
what is perilymph
essentially extracellular fluid - Na ions
20
what does fluid in ear system allow
conducting nerve AP's
21
what is the helocotremA
where two outer tubules meet at ape of cochlea
22
what are the three tubes of cochlea
scala vestiboli
scala tympani
scala media (middle)
23
what si the purpose of round window
transmit pressure in closed tube and dissipates it
deformable
24
what is the central part of cochlea
modulus bone
25
what are the hair cells in the ear
single row inner hairs used for hearing
outer hairs few used for sound location
26
what is the collection of hair cells called
organ of corti
27
what is stria vascular
sp epi on lateral wall of media producing endolymph
28
what is tonotopicity
cochlear organised in terms of high and low tones
high tones incase cochlea whilst low tones at helicotrema
29
what is the route for CN 8
sup olivary nun
trapezoid body
lateral lemniscus
medial lemniscus
inf colliculus
medial geniculate body
auditory radiation
30
why does nerve go to sup olivary nun
for localisation and space diff intensities
31
what is trapezoid body
crossing point of axons from one side to other
32
what happens in lateral lemnisus
synapse
33
how does tonotopicity affect structure
forrad and lateral - lower tones received
post and medial - high frequency
34
what ar the 3 components of the labyrinth
utricle
saccule
semicircular ducts
35
what do the components of the labrtinht have
receptors for movement and her cells fro trasnudcing sound
36
where are the receps for angular rectption
semicircular canals
37
what si the cupola
gelatinous goo on top hair cells
38
what is cupola for
if turn head water push cupola set off AP's giving detcetio of head movement
39
what are the semicircular canals to each other
90 degrees
40
how are the semicircular canals arranged
ant, post, lat
canted in sp way not anatomical planes
41
how do semicircular ducts work
in pairs
42
what is ant paired with
post
43
when turning head what fires
turn left
left increases fire
right decrease fire
44
what is macula
sensory plaque in saccule and utricle
45
what does macula detect
linear acceleration and head position
46
what are otoliths
grains calcium carb
on top gelatinous goo
heavier than water so can tell stationary dtection
47
what is path of vestibular fibres
ganglion
nuclei
medial longitudinal fascicles - extra ocular muscle activated
flocularnodular node -cerebellum
thalamus
cortex
48
what is doll's eye manoeuvre
vestibule-ocular reflex
off ride effect on eyes fast flick to side and slow back
49