Auditory system & chemical senses Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Auditory system & chemical senses Deck (25)
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1
Q

5 qualities of taste

A

Bitterness, sourness, sweetness, saltiness, umami (savory)

2
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by fusion of the stapes to oval window causing difficulty of movement followed by eventual cessation of ear ossicle movement (most common adult cause of hearing loss)

2
Q

Olfactory tract axons project directly to

A

Piriform cortex, amygdala, entorhinal cortex

3
Q

Which part of the cochlea analyzes the quality of sounds?

A

Dorsal

4
Q

Which part of the cochlea encodes intensity info?

A

Ventral

5
Q

Destruction of the cochlea, cochlea nerve, or cochlea nuclei results in

A

Complete ipsilateral deafness

5
Q

Gustatory pathway

A

CNs 7, 9, 10 => nucleus of the solitary tract in the medulla => ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus => primary gustatory cortex in anterior insula-frontal operculum => secondary gustatory cortex in orbitofrontal cortex

5
Q

Anosmia

A

Loss or reduction of sense of smell, can be from problems at nasal, neuroepithelial, or central level

6
Q

What 3 cranial nerves are involved in gustation?

A

7, 9, 10

7
Q

Damage to the lateral lemniscus results in

A

Bilateral partial deafness, greatest in the contralateral ear

8
Q

Organ of Corti

A

Auditory transductor, which consists of cells that bend in response to sound waves

9
Q

Auditory sharpening

A

Processes whereby relay nuclei in the auditory pathways differentialy inhibit impulses concerned with certain frequencies thereby enhancing the frequencies of other sounds

10
Q

Parcusis

A

Sound heard previously is heard repeatedly

10
Q

Central auditory pathways are unlike any other ascending pathways due to what 2 factors

A

1) presence of accessory nuclei that modulate input 2) B representation of auditory impulses on each side

12
Q

Release phenomenon

A

Elaborate auditory hallucination assoc. w/ sensorineural deafness or lesion of the pontine tegmentum

13
Q

Dysosmia or parosmia

A

Distortions or illusions of smell

15
Q

2-phase process of sound localization

A

1) convergence & comparison of auditory input from 2 ears 2) distribution of analysis to appropriate side of system

16
Q

Olfactory hallucinations are most often due to seizures in the

A

Temporal lobe (uncinate fits)

18
Q

Lesions of the auditory unimodal association areas result in

A

Auditory perceptual impairments, including cortical deafness, pure word deafness, auditory agnosia for sounds, phonagnosia

19
Q

Auditory pathway

A

Cochlear nerve => dorsal (direct to lateral lemniscus) & ventral cochlea nucleus in medulla => B to superior olivary nucleus & trapezoid body => lateral lemniscus => inferior colliculus => MGN => Heschl’s gyrus

21
Q

What structures are essential to sound localization?

A

Trapezoid body & superior olivary nucleus

22
Q

Presbyacusis

A

Progressive loss of hearing with age

23
Q

Self-audible bruits

A

Pulsating “whooshing” sounds associated with turbulent flow in AVM, carotid dissection, elevated ICP

24
Q

The Primary Auditory Cortex is organized tonotopically, so that low frequencies are represented more

A

Anteriorly

25
Q

Musical hallucinations are often caused by seizures in the

A

Right hemisphere