Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What is another name for the ANS?

Answer 1

General Visceral Efferent nerves

Question 2

True or False: ANS is essential for the function of the effector organ and is not regulatory in function?

Answer 2

False; it is NOT essential for function and IS regulatory

Question 3

Where does the ANS extend to and from?

Answer 3

It extends from the CNS to the smooth m., cardiac m., and glands

Question 4

How many neuron chains does the ANS have?

Answer 4

2 and they link the CNS to the autonomic effector

Question 5

What structures influence the ANS?

Answer 5

Spinal cord, Brain stem, hypothalamus

Question 6

What are ganglia?

Answer 6

Nerve cell bodies outside of the CNS

Question 7

What are nuclei?

Answer 7

Neuron cell bodies inside the CNS

Question 8

What are 3 characteristics that describe the general somatic efferent neurons?

Answer 8

1) voluntary
2) have one neuron between CNS & effector
3) target effector is skeletal m.

Question 9

What are the general somatic afferent neurons?

Answer 9

General sensory neurons in the skin, bones, muscle, and joints that convey impulses from dorsal root fibers to CNS

Question 10

What are the general somatic efferent motor neurons?

Answer 10

Neurons that use impulses from the CNS that travel through ventral root fibers and cause skeletal m. Contraction

Question 11

What is the origin location of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 11

Thoracolumbar

Question 12

What is the origin location of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 12

Cranial-Sacral

Question 13

What does the sympathetic nervous system supply?

Answer 13

Glands, smooth muscles of skin, thoracic/pelvic/abdominal viscera, salivary glands, nasal cavities, iris, blood vessels, adrenal medulla

Question 14

Synapse location for sympathetic ns?

Answer 14

Paravertebral or prevertebral ganglion

Question 15

Synapse location for parasympathetic ns?

Answer 15

Wall of effector organ

Question 16

What are preganglionic fibers in the ANS?

Answer 16

First neuron from CNS; Myelinated

Question 17

Are postganglionic fibers in the ANS myelinated?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

What length are the preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic ANS?

Answer 18

Short

Question 19

What neurotransmitter is secreted at the preganglionic synapse in the ANS?

Answer 19

Acetylcholine

Question 20

What is the length of the postganglionic sympathetic ANS nerve fibers?

Answer 20

Long

Question 21

What neurotransmitter is secreted at the postganglionic fiber synapse in ANS?

Answer 21

Norepinephrine

Question 22

Name all 3 paravertebral ganglia in the ANS?

Answer 22

Cranial Cervical, Middle Cervical, Cervicothoracic

Question 23

Name all 6 prevertebral ganglia in the ANS?

Answer 23

Cranial mesenteric, caudal mesenteric, gonadal, renal, celiac, and pelvic ganglia in plexus

Question 24

What structures does the cervicothoracic ganglion serve?

Answer 24

The thoracic viscera

Question 25

What structures does the cranial cervical ganglion serve?

Answer 25

Head and neck

Question 26

What structures does the middle cervical ganglion serve?

Answer 26

Heart and lungs

Question 27

What structures does the cranial mesenteric, caudal mesenteric, renal, gonadal, and celiac ganglia serve?

Answer 27

The abdominal and pelvic viscera

Question 28

General presynaptic pathway for ANS?

Answer 28

Ventral root, spinal nerve, ramus communicans, sympathetic trunk, ganglion, effector organ

Question 29

Head region sympathetic pathway

Answer 29

1-Ventral root 2-spinal nerve, 3-ramus communicans, 4-sympathetic trunk, 5-ansa subclavia, 6-cervical sympathetic trunk 7-cranial cervical ganglion 8- plexuses run with internal and external carotid arteries 9- target organ

Question 30

Head region of ANS synapse?

Answer 30

Cranial Cervical ganglion

Question 31

Head region of ANS post-synapse pathway

Answer 31

Nerve plexuses on external and internal carotid arteries that run to target effectors

Question 32

Pre-synaptic path. for neck region of ANS

Answer 32

1- ventral root 2- spinal nerve 3- ramus communicans 4- sympathetic trunk

Question 33

Synapse for neck region of ANS?

Answer 33

Cervicothoracic ganglion

Question 34

Post-synaptic pathway for neck region

Answer 34

1- vertebral nerve 2-rami communicans 3- cervical spinal nerve 4- dorsal/ventral branches to smooth muscles and skin

Question 35

Pre-synaptic pathway for body wall and limbs (ANS)

Answer 35

Ventral root, spinal nerve, ramus communicans, sympathetic trunk

Question 36

Synapse for body wall and limbs (ANS)

Answer 36

Sympathetic trunk ganglia (paravertebral ganglia- cranial cervical, middle cervical, cervicothoracic ganglia)

Question 37

Post-synaptic pathway for body wall and limbs (ANS)

Answer 37

1-rami communicans 2-spinal nerve 3- dorsal/ventral branches to smooth muscle and skin

Question 38

Pre-synaptic pathway for thoracic viscera (ANS)

Answer 38

1- Ventral root 2– spinal nerve 3- ramus communicans 4- sympathetic trunk

Question 39

Synapses for thoracic viscera (ANS)

Answer 39

Cervicothoracic and middle cervical ganglia

Question 40

Post-synaptic pathway for thoracic viscera (ANS)

Answer 40

Cardiosympathetic nerves from ansa subclavia

Question 41

Pre-synaptic pathway for abdominal viscera (ANS)

Answer 41

1-Ventral root 2- spinal nerve 3-ramus communicans 4- sympathetic trunk

Question 42

Synapses for abdominal viscera (ANS)

Answer 42

Left/right celiac ganglia, cranial/caudal mesenteric ganglia, renal ganglion, gonadal ganglion

Question 43

Post-synaptic pathway for abdominal viscera (ANS)

Answer 43

Nerve plexuses on abdominal artery

Question 44

Pre-synaptic pathway for pelvic viscera (ANS)

Answer 44

1-Ventral root 2-spinal nerve 3-ramus communicans 4- sympathetic trunk 5- lumbar splanchnic nerve 6- caudal mesenteric ganglion

Question 45

Synapse for pelvic viscera (ANS)

Answer 45

Caudal mesenteric ganglion

Question 46

Post-ganglionic pathway for pelvic viscera (ANS)

Answer 46

1-Hypogastric nerve 2- pelvic plexus; branches to pelvic viscera

Question 47

Which cranial nerves are associated with the brain stem nuclei in the PNS?

Answer 47

III, X, IX, VII

Question 48

Which segments of the sacral spinal cord are associated with the PNS?

Answer 48

Segments 1-3

Question 49

Name of CN III

Answer 49

Oculomotor

Question 50

Name of CN VII

Answer 50

Facial n.

Question 51

Name of CN IX

Answer 51

Glossopharyngeal n.

Question 52

Name of CN X?

Answer 52

Vagus n.

Question 53

Length of preganglionic fibers in PNS?

Answer 53

Long

Question 54

Length of postganglionic fibers of PNS?

Answer 54

Short

Question 55

What neurotransmitter is at both synapses in PNS?

Answer 55

ACETYLCHOLINE

Question 56

What are the only blood vessels that the PNS supply?

Answer 56

Penile arteries

Question 57

The PNS does NOT supply…

Answer 57

Skin, sweat glands, piloerector muscles, or cutaneous blood vessels, nor the adrenal medulla

Question 58

Vagus nerve supplies…

Answer 58

Thoracic & abdomina viscera

Question 59

What happens to the vagosympathetic trunk at the middle cervical ganglia?

Answer 59

It splits from vagosympathetic trunk to run by itself as the vagus nerve

Question 60

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve leaves…

Answer 60

Around aortic arch

Question 61

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve leaves around…

Answer 61

Right subclavian artery

Question 62

Pre-synaptic pathway for PNS?

Answer 62

Ventral branch of S1-S3

Question 63

PNS Synapse

Answer 63

Pelvic ganglia at pelvic plexus

Question 64

Cholinergic fibers include…

Answer 64

1-Preganglionic fibers from ANS and PNS 2- Postganglionic fibers from PNS only

Question 65

Sympathomimetic drugs are…

Answer 65

Drugs that mimic the sympathetic system at the neuroeffector junction

Question 66

Parasympathomimetic drugs are…

Answer 66

Drugs that mimic the PNS at the neuroeffector junction

Question 67

What do drugs that have a nicotinic effect do?

Answer 67

Stimulate the 2nd neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic ns

Question 68

What type of drugs act on alpha and beta receptors?

Answer 68

Sympathetic

Question 69

How do effectors with alpha receptor respond?

Answer 69

Contract smooth muscles (increase BP)

Question 70

How do effectors with beta receptors respond?

Answer 70

Relaxation of smooth, blood vessel muscles that supply the heart

Question 71

Preganglionic pathway to dilator muscle of the iris

Answer 71

1-neuronal cell bodies at T1-T3 2-rami communicans 3- thoracic sympathetic trunk 4- cervical sympathetic trunk

Question 72

Synapse of dilator muscle of the iris?

Answer 72

Cranial cervical ganglion

Question 73

Postganglionic pathway for dilator muscle of the iris

Answer 73

Fibers of the internal carotid artery that end at dilator muscle of iris

Question 74

Horner’s Syndrome is…

Answer 74

When the nervous pathway to the dilator muscle of the iris is interrupted

Question 75

Signs of horner’s syndrome are…

Answer 75

C6-T2 (brachial plexus) avulsion, loss of sympathetic innervation of eye, enopthalmus, protrusion of 3rd eyelid, miosis, ptosis