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Neuroanatomy Lecture > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system in charge of?

A

involuntary control of glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscles

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2
Q

What part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the ‘fight or flight’ response?

A

sympathetic

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3
Q

What part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the ‘rest and digest’ response?

A

parasympathetic

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4
Q

Where are the sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the ANS located?

A

in the intermediolateral nucleus of the thoracolumbar cord segments (T1-L3)

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5
Q

Where are the parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies located?

A

in the brain stem and the sacral cord segments S2 and S3

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6
Q

What type of innervation do the lacrimal and salivary glands have?

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic

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7
Q

What type of innervation does the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic viscera have?

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic

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8
Q

What has sympathetic innervation only?

A

blood vessels of the skin and viscera, erector pili, sweat glands, adrenal medulla, and blood vessels of skeletal muscles

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9
Q

In the somatic motor system what is the organization of the neuronal cell body to its target?

A

nucleus to peripheral nerve fiber to skeletal muscle

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10
Q

In the sympathetic division of the ANS what is the organization of the neuronal cell body to its target tissue?

A

nucleus of cell body to preganglionic fiber to ganglion (outside of target tissue/organ) to postganglionic fiber to target tissue/organ

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11
Q

In the parasympathetic division of the ANS what is the organization of the neuronal cell body to its target tissue?

A

nucleus of cell body to preganglionic fiber to ganglion (within the target tissue/organ) to postganglionic fiber to target tissue/organ

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12
Q

What neurotransmitter do preganglionic fibers release?

A

acetylcholine

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13
Q

What receptors do preganglionic fibers communicate with?

A

nicotinic receptors on neurons in ganglion

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14
Q

What neurotransmitter is released from the parasympathetic division?

A

acetylcholine

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15
Q

What receptors does the parasympathetic division communicate with?

A

muscarinic receptors on the target tissue

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16
Q

What neurotransmitter is released from the sympathetic division?

A

norepinephrine

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17
Q

What receptors does the sympathetic division communicate with on the target tissue?

A

alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

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18
Q

What is the postsynaptic neuron for the parasympathetic division in the brainstem (nucleus of III, VII, IX, and X)?

A

intramural ganglia in effector organs

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19
Q

What are the postsynaptic neurons for the intermediolateral nucleus of T1-L3?

A

sympathetic trunk ganglia and collateral ganglia associated with major arteries

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20
Q

What are the postsynaptic neurons for the sacral parasympathetic nuclei?

A

intramural ganglia in effector organs

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21
Q

What ganglion does the intermediolateral nucleus of T1-T4 communicate in order to innervate the eye?

A

cranial cervical ganglion

22
Q

What structures does the cranial cervical ganglion send sympathetic fibers to in the eye?

A

pupillary dilators, periorbital smooth muscle, tarsal smooth muscle of the eyelid, and blood vessels of the skin

23
Q

What does the parasympathetic system innervate in the eye?

A

pupillary constrictors

24
Q

If there is a brachial plexus injury, how will sympathetic innervation to the eye be effeced?

A

activation of pupillary dilators is decreased, the smooth muscle around the eye and eyelid will have less sympathetic tone, and the blood vessels to the skin will have less sympathetic tone

25
Q

If there is a brachial plexus injury, how will parasympathetic innervation to the eye be effeced?

A

it wont be effected; the pupillary constrictors will function the same

26
Q

What are symptoms of Horner’s syndrome?

A

miosis, ptosis, enopthalmus, prolapse of the third eyelid, pink colored skin, and loss of sympathetic tone

27
Q

What is miosis?

A

small pupillary size

28
Q

What is ptosis?

A

a prolapsed eyelid

29
Q

What is enophthalmus?

A

slight retraction of the eyeball

30
Q

What is the function of the intermediolateral nucleus from T1-T4 on bronchiolar smooth muscle, cardiac muscle contractility and heart rate, and vessels of the skin and viscera?

A

it inhibits bronchiolar smooth muscle, stimulates cardiac muscle contractility, heart rate, and stimulates contraction of the vessels of the skin and viscera

31
Q

What is the function of parasympathetic division on bronchiolar smooth muscle, cardiac muscle contractility and heart rate, and vessels of the skin and viscera?

A

it stimulates contractility of the bronchiolar smooth muscle, inhibits cardiac muscle contractility and lowers the heart rate

32
Q

Where is the intermediolateral nucleus located?

A

in spinal cord segments T1-L3 in the lateral horn which is located in between the dorsal and ventral horns

33
Q

What type of nucleus is the intermediolateral nucleus?

A

it is a preganglionic nucleus of the sympathetic division

34
Q

Where is the sacralparasympathetic nucleus located?

A

in spinal cord segments S2-S3 between the dorsal and ventral horns

35
Q

What happens to the ventral horn the further down (caudal) the spinal cord that you go?

A

it gets larger

36
Q

What nerves are involved with micturition?

A

hypogastric nerve, pelvic nerve, and pudendal nerve

37
Q

What does the hypogastric nerve receive sensory input from?

A

stretch receptors in the bladder

38
Q

What nucleus does the hypogastric nerve communicate with?

A

the intermediolateral nucleus in spinal cord segments L1-L3

39
Q

What is the function of the hypogastric nerve in micturition?

A

it releases norepinephrine to inhibit the detrusor muscle from contracting

40
Q

What does the pelvic nerve receive sensory input from?

A

the stretch receptors in the bladdar

41
Q

What nucleus does the pelvic nerve communicate with?

A

the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (S2-S3)

42
Q

What is the function of the pelvic nerve?

A

it stimulates the detrusor muscle for bladder contraction

43
Q

What is the function of the pudendal nerve?

A

it stimulates contraction of the urethral sphincter

44
Q

What part of the spinal cord does the pudendal nerve communicate with?

A

the ventral horn in S1-S3

45
Q

As the bladder fills, how do the stretch receptors get information to the cerebral cortex?

A

they send information up the spinothalamic tract regardless of if the animal is conscious or not

46
Q

What is the pontine reticulospinal tracts function in micturition?

A

it stimulates the sacral parasympathetic nucleus to stimulate the pelvic nerve to contract the bladder and inhibits motor neurons in the pudendal nerve so that the urethral sphincter relaxes

47
Q

What is the function of the corticospinal tract in micturition?

A

voluntary inhibition of contraction of the urethral sphincter and inhibition of the micturition center

48
Q

What can the cortex override in micturition?

A

the voluntary relaxation of the urethral sphincter and voluntary inhibition of the micturition center

49
Q

In micturition, what happens to an animal if there is a spinal cord lesion above L7?

A

it is not able to urinate voluntarily, there is urethral sphincter tone, and the bladder constantly fills

50
Q

In micturition, what happens to an animal if there is a spinal cord lesion at S2 and S3?

A

it is not able to urinate voluntarily, there is no urethral sphincter tone, and urine constantly leaks out of the bladder

Neuroanatomy Lecture (17 decks)

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